1. Weight Control & Eating Disorders

2. Weight Management
Energy Expenditure-total calories used for all activities over a given period of time
Energy Intake-sum of caloric content in food ingested
Maintaining weight, gaining weight and losing weight is a matter of energy balance

3. Weight Management Maintain Weight-energy intake = energy expenditure
Lose Weight-energy intake < energy expenditure
Gain Weight-energy intake > energy expenditure

4. Weight Loss Energy intake < energy expenditure
↓ calorie intake ↑ physical activity
Decrease calorie intake by calories/day
Weight loss should be 1-2 lbs/week
1lb fat = 3500 calories

5. Weight Loss Ways to decrease calorie intake
Decrease empty calories-foods high in fat & sugar
Eat smaller portions
Eat slowly, let food digest
Avoid second helpings
Don’t skip meals, leads to overeating later

6. Weight Loss Add exercise/activity to daily life
Exercise counteracts negative effects of calorie restriction
Dieting causes loss of fat & muscle and adding exercise to diet decreases amount of muscle lost
Exercise burns fat, so adding exercise means you do not have to reduce calorie intake as much

7. Weight Loss
Any excess calories must be utilized or they will be stored as fat, no matter what the food source

8. Weight Gain Muscle weight is preferred to fat weight
Weight gain combines progressive weight training with increased calorie intake
Average gain of ½ - 1 lb/week
2500 additional calories are required to gain 1 lb of muscle
Increase calorie intake by 350 cal/day

9. Eating Disorders Disturbance in eating behavior
More common in women & girls
Longer you have disorder, more negative medical consequences
Estimated long-term death rate with eating disorders can be as high as 20-30%

10. Anorexia Nervosa
Psychological disorder characterized by an abnormal fear of becoming obese, a distorted self-image, persistent unwillingness to eat, severe weight loss
Accompanied by excessive exercise, malnutrition, self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse

11. Anorexia Signs & Symptoms Weight loss of 15% of normal body weight
Loss of appetite
Loss of menstruation
Fatigue
Dizziness
Constipation
Cold to touch

12. Anorexia Physical Effects Starvation Dehydration
Muscle & Cartilage Deterioration
Osteoporosis (Bone Loss)
Irregular Heart Rate
Heart Failure

13. Bulimia
Characterized by episodic binge eating, followed by feelings of guilt, depression, and self-condemnation
Usually occurs in women of normal or near-normal weight
After binging, measures taken to prevent weight gain; self-induced vomiting, laxatives, dieting, fasting

14. Bulimia Signs & Symptoms Weight fluctuations
Dental cavities (caused by stomach acid during vomiting)
Dehydration
Fatigue
Dizziness
Constipation
Irregular/Absent menstruation

15. Bulimia Physical Effects Stomach ulceration Bowel damage
Inflammation/tearing of esophagus
Laxative addiction
Tingling in hands & feet
Electrolyte imbalance (loss of potassium, which is necessary for electrical activity of heart, can lead to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death)

16. Female Athlete Triad
Collection of symptoms seen in female athletes consisting of eating disorders, amenorrhea (loss of menstruation) and osteoporosis (bone loss)
Especially prevalent in sports that emphasize lean, athletic bodies; gymnastics, figure skating, diving, dance