1. Ethnic Cleansing
20th century

2. 8 Stages of Genocide Classification Symbolization Dehumanization
Organization
Polarization
Preparation
Extermination
Denial
What was evidence of each stage in the “final solution”?
Write down an example for each stage

3. Ghettos and conditions within
Nazis sent and confined Jews to ghettos throughout Central/Eastern Europe
10 – 30 people living in one room (bedroom)
Shut off from outside world – Hitler hoped the Jews would all die from poor conditions
All supplies coming from Nazis in control
250 – 500 calories of food a day
Little to no sanitation

4. Einsatzgruppen – German Task Forces
Soldiers sent into newly acquired areas
Primary purpose, "was the annihilation of the Jews, Gypsies, and political commissars."
Responsible for 1.3 million deaths at least
Eventually replaced by camps – not efficient enough

5. “Final Solution”
Hilter’s idea to eradicate the Jewish and other “undesirables” from Europe for good
Concentration camps existed since war’s start
Beyond terrible conditions
Slave labor
Eventually set up death camps that were designed to kill mass numbers at once

6. Holocaust or Shoah Holocaust – German for “completely burnt”
Shoah – Hebrew for “catastrophe”
The time, effort, money and planning that went into the mass killing of others is inconceivable for many people.
Nazi regime was seemingly highly efficient in their genocide.

8. The Balkans = A Hot Mess

9. Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia
2 separate attempts by Bosnian Serbs to “cleanse” area of Muslims and non-Serbs
Between , the Bosnian Serb Army targeted Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats. “The ethnic cleansing campaign included unlawful confinement, murder, rape, sexual assault, torture, beating, robbery and inhumane treatment of civilians; the targeting of political leaders, intellectuals and professionals; the unlawful deportation and transfer of civilians; the unlawful shelling of civilians; the unlawful appropriation and plunder of real and personal property; the destruction of homes and businesses; and the destruction of places of worship.”
In ,000 Bosnian Muslims were killed and 25,000-30,000 were deported from the town/surrounding areas of Srebrenica .
Total number dead ~ 200,000

10. "Between April 1992 and March 1993, Srebrenica town and the villages in the area held by Bosnian Muslims were constantly subjected to Serb military assaults, including artillery attacks, sniper fire, as well as occasional bombing from aircrafts. Each onslaught followed a similar pattern. Serb soldiers and paramilitaries surrounded a Bosnian Muslim village or hamlet, called upon the population to surrender their weapons, and then began with indiscriminate shelling and shooting. In most cases, they then entered the village or hamlet, expelled or killed the population, who offered no significant resistance, and destroyed their homes. During this period, Srebrenica was subjected to indiscriminate shelling from all directions on a daily basis. Potočari in particular was a daily target for Serb artillery and infantry because it was a sensitive point in the defence line around Srebrenica. Other Bosnian Muslim settlements were routinely attacked as well. All this resulted in a great number of refugees and casualties.”

11. Armenian Genocide
Armenians were a small community of Christians living under Ottoman rule since 1500s.
Separated by their religion and customs from others in the area
Considered to be lesser by the Turkish Muslims who ruled them
Did not receive equal rights, even after pressure from European super-powers in mid-1800s.
Put pressure on Ottoman government through rebellions

12. Armenians targeted as payback
Series of events lead to the Armenian scapegoating:
Rebellion in the empire by younger generations wishing to get rid of the ineffective sultan
Balkan Wars between Slavs (backed by Russians) and Muslims led to expulsion of Muslims from Balkan region
Influx of refugees to Ottoman empire
Loss of territory for Ottomans
WWI broke out
Under cover of war, Armenians were deported and put into concentration camps or outright massacred

13. Armenian deportations

14. Aftermath – 500,000 – 1.5 million dead