1. Ch. 19 – Bacteria Notes

2. Review: Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria; Old Kingdom = Monera
Unicellular
Prokaryotic, no cellular membranes, no nucleus
Auto and Heterotrophic

3. Bacteria Identification:
Shape
Sphere-Shape (coccus)
Ex. Strep Throat (streptococcus), pneumonia (diplococcus), staph (staphylococcus)

4. Rod-Shaped (bacillus)
Ex. Typhoid fever (caused by salmonella: Boil it, peel it, cook it, or FORGET IT!
Transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces of infected people. Typhoid Mary – 36 years quarantined!),
Botulism (home canned foods or bad seal on canned foods.)

5. Spiral-Shaped (spirillum)
Ex. Syphilis
Congenital syphilis (mom gives it to fetus in utero.)

6. More types of syphilis (secondary).

8. More Bacteria Identification:
Cell Wall (chemical nature) – can see the wall by gram-staining!
Take-up Crystal Violet (purple) = Gram Positive
Take-up Safranine (red) = Gram Negative

9. ID Cont. Bacterial Movement Flagella – tail
Glide along slime (they make this themselves)
Some don’t move!

10. …and the last way to Identify bacteria
Oxygen Use
Require Oxygen – AEROBIC
NO Oxygen - ANAEROBIC

11. Growth and Reproduction
Bacteria reproduce in three different ways
1. Binary Fission – bacteria double in size, double DNA and divide in half (asexual reproduction)

12. Growth and Reproduction
2. Conjugation – a hollow bridge forms between two bacteria cells and they exchange genetic information (sexual reproduction)

13. Growth and Reproduction
3. Spore formation – when conditions are bad, bacteria form endospores which lay dormant until conditions get better for growth.