6. What is the hypothesis?

7. Needling (Specific) vs Needling (Non-specific) not Needling vs Not Needling

8. ‘Acupuncture is the insertion and stimulation of needles at specific points on the body to facilitate recovery of health.’ Vickers, et al.

9. 24 ‘Sham’ Control Studies 14 – Negative (No difference) 10 – Positive (Acupuncture effect)

10. 11 Studies – Needling vs Needling 9 – Negative 2 – Positive 13 Studies – Needling vs Non-needling 5 – Negative 8 – Positive

11. When a more scientifically valid comparison is made this meta-analysis provides no support for the use of Traditional Chinese Acupuncture in the management of chronic pain.

13. “. non-acupuncture sites simply do not exist
“..non-acupuncture sites simply do not exist. Inserting a needle into a patient will always elicit a response, without exception.” As a licensed acupuncturist, I am unaware of any non-acupuncture sites on the human body.

15. “..acupuncturists’ styles had significant effects on pain reduction and satisfaction, suggesting that the analgesic benefits of acupuncture can be partially mediated through placebo effects related to the acupuncturist’s behaviour.” Suarez-Almazor, et al.