1. Functions of intonation 1
Chapter 18

2. There are four different functions of intonation:
1. Attitudinal: to express emotions and attitudes 2. Accentual: to focus attention on a lexical item or syllable by tonic stress 3. Grammatical: to recognize the grammar and syntactic structure 4. Discourse: to signal new or given information in a conversation

3. Attitudinal function of intonation
Feeling and attitudes are expressed b different forms of tone

4. 1.Fall: To express finality, definiteness:
That is the end of the \news
I’m absolutely \certain
Stop \talking

5. 2.Rise: To express: General questions Can you ∕help me Listing
∕Red, ∕brown, ∕yellow and \blue
More to follow
You must write it ∕again (and this time it must be right)
Encouraging
It won’t ∕hurt

6. 3. Fall-rise To express: Uncertainty, doubt You ˇmay be right
Requesting
Can I ˇbuy it

7. 4. Rise-fall
To express:
Surprise, being impressed
You were ˆfirst

8. There are three supra-segmental variables in attitudinal intonation
Sequential: elements in sequence of other elements
pre-heads, heads, tonic syllables, tails
Pauses
Tone-unit boundaries
Prosodic: observed while speech is going on
Pitch range
Key
Loudness
Speed
Voice quality
Paralinguistic: facial expressions, gestures, body movements
Body language