1. WASH Enabling Environment
Political Leadership
NOTE TO FACILITATOR:
Show slides to the participants
Facilitator notes and instructions are in the Notes section of the PPT
Additional content for the facilitator to share includes:
Instructions for group work
Questions to ask the group

2. Outline
Learning Objectives
Purpose
Principles
Context
Group Work
WASH EE Support process

3. Learning Objectives
By the end of this session, participants will be able to:
Explain the importance of political leadership to support the WASH EE
Describe the framework for supporting political leadership efforts
Identify actions and steps to strengthen political leadership in support of WASH EE

4. Purpose Cross-sectoral collaboration
NOTE TO FACILITATOR:
Ask Participants
WHAT IS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP?
Definition
(Formally) establishing a shared vision to achieve the WASH SDGs and identifying WASH as a political priority among political leaders at different government levels (national, state, province, local) and leaving ‘business as usual’ behind.
WHY IS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IMPORTANT?
Can foster:
Cross-sectoral collaboration
Institutional collaboration within the sector
Effective public investment structures/systems

5. Eliminating Inequalities Political Prioritization
Principles
A BOLD VISION
Universal Access
Eliminating Inequalities
Sustainability
Political Prioritization
Financing
Visibility
Evidence Based
Decision-Making
National Processes
Global Monitoring
National monitoring systems
Transparency
Evidence
Linking monitoring to planning
Policy and Plans
Coordination and Alignment
Decentralization
Capacity (including HR)
11 KEY ACTION AREAS
Committed political leadership makes it clear that a country is invested in WASH…
Shift from donor-driven projects to country-led programmatic service delivery approaches
Seek medium and long term goals instead of immediate political gains and recognition
Initiatives to keep a score card for countries based on their progress

6. Context: WASH EE Framework
Ask participants:
WHAT ARE THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF BUDGETING AND FINANCING?
Financial flows are adequate and predictable and meet national targets.
The WASH sector is able to attract different sources of funding.
WHAT INDICATORS CAN BE USED TO MEASURE BUDGETING AND FINANCING?
Budgeting
Budgetary allocations include enough funds to support to the delivery of services.
Budgetary allocations include enough funds to cover capital expenditures to meet national water sector investment targets.
The budget is adequate and disaggregated between each of the subsectors (rural, urban, water, sanitation).
The budget and expenditure are publicly available.
Financing
Financial flows are predictable.
Financial needs for sector operations are known
Amount of funding available from taxes, tariffs and transfers to fund sectoral operations are known
Existence of legal and institutional frameworks for financial transactions to take place;
Public allocations to water and sanitation as % GDP
Existence of financing institutions

7. Context: WASH EE Theory of Change
NOTE TO FACILITATOR:
If this slide is not readable on the screen, please make sure you have hard copies of this slide ready and available for participants.
Ask participants:
WHAT ARE THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF POLICY AND STRATEGY?
WASH policy for households and institutions backed by a legal framework includes national service norms and addresses social norms, equity and future adaptation requirements. This policy has been approved by cabinet and is used by stakeholders.
WHAT INDICATORS CAN BE USED TO MEASURE POLICY AND STRATEGY?
The policy is informed by evidence (includes data, approaches with realistic budget)
Lead ministries have clear roles and responsibilities for HH sanitation and WASH in institutions and developed mechanisms for accountability.
Sanitation services include elimination of open defecation through safely managed sanitation services.

8. Group Work Part 1: Steps for Advocacy Actions
What steps are necessary for UNICEF to support increased political leadership in a country?
List the steps
List the actors
Choose 1 country and develop a diagram that shows:
Intended outcome and how to get there
Who is involved
Who needs to be targeted
What resources are needed
How we will know it works
NOTE TO FACILITATOR:
Have participants regroup into different table groups so that no more than 2 of the same people are sitting together.
This is to get participants to think about advocacy….if they have trouble, then assist them in thinking through the steps needed for an advocacy strategy.
What…
do we want?
do they need to hear?
do we have?
do we need?
Who…
do we target
can make it happen?
do they need to hear it from?
How…
can we make sure they hear it?
do we begin to take action?
can we tell if it’s working?

9. Generic Checklist of Steps for Advocacy Actions
Lead implementer/coordinator identified
Communication resource person from advocates/ stakeholders involved
All relevant stakeholders/advocates in-country involved
Target audience identified
Key activities identified
Key messages identified
Tools identified
Timeline and responsibilities identified

10. Group Work Part 2: Engagement
What is required for advocacy?
NOTE TO FACILITATOR:
SHOW (Fly IN) THE MAP ONCE EVERYONE HAS DONE THE EXERCISE….
ASK PARTICIPANTS:
WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR ADVOCACY?
Have credibility
Have capacity to generate/communicate evidence
Have processes to take appropriate risks for advocacy
Have capacity to work with stakeholders on advocacy
Have capacity and skills to work on advocacy issue
Have intra-office coordination and leadership
Have strong ongoing partnerships that can form a broad base for advocacy
Have sufficient resources for advocacy
AS YOUR UNICEF OFFICE….PLOT POINTS FOR YOUR COUNTRY ON THE BLANK WEB. COMPARE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES AT THE TABLE.
HOW COULD YOU IMPROVE YOUR RESULTS?
WHAT IS MISSING?

11. WASH EE Support Process
As we have seen, this graphic provides an overview of the steps in the WASH EE Support process.
The dotted circles represent the overlap of this process with the UNICEF program cycle.
National policies can serve as a key stimulus for local action, especially in countries that are decentralized
But if the policy is not promulgated at the state and local level, it has no teeth.
The Problem in Nigeria was getting all 36 states to develop and implement a WASH policy.
In a decentralized country, how will you promulgate national policy at the state and local level?
Policy frameworks will only have impact if accompanied by political commitment and leadership
The policy framework provides the instruments (guidance, positive incentives and penalties)

12. Support Process Step 1: Agree
Who can be an advocate?
List different types of advocates
What could advocacy in the WASH sector target?
Who would you need to convince to engage in political leadership?
Advocating for political leadership may be needed
Answers to
Question 1
Anyone can be an advocate….
Question 2
Types of advocates:
Individuals (experts within bureaucracies or research organizations, former politicians or bureaucrats)
Groups (individuals across sectors, across bureaucracies, gov’t levels)
Institutions and donors (bilateral or multilateral such as Sector Ministers’ Meetings, High Level Meetings or the High Level Commitment Dialogue led by SWA)
Coalitions
Question 3
Improving rural water
Urban water,
Rural sanitation and hygiene
Urban sanitation and hygiene
School WASH, etc.
Question 4
Targets:
Different levels of government
Different ministries/authorities in sector or supporting sector (Water and Sanitation Ministries/Authorities, Ministry of Health, Finance Ministry)

13. Support Process Step 2: Assess
What advocacy is already going on?
Is it something that UNICEF can join?
If so, how?
If not, why not?
What tools can you use to find out?
Joint sector reviews
Progress report on 2012 HLM Commitments
Country Status Overviews (CSOs)
WASH Bottlenext Analysis Tools (WASH BAT)
GLAAS Reports

14. Support Process Step 3: Plan
Describe some advocacy plans you have worked on at UNICEF?
NOTE TO FACILITATOR:
Ask the question on the slide but don't show the graphic until participants have provided input.

15. Support Process Step 4: Invest
What are the costs of advocacy and how are the funded?
What are the costs of commitments and how are they funded?
What data are needed to convince donors to invest in advocacy for political leadership?
The UNICEF Advocacy Toolkit indicates that “advocacy is resource intensive. It requires investments of funds, staff time and materials over an extended period of time. Resource availability often changes the shape of an advocacy strategy and how it is planned. Therefore, it is essential to know the likelihood of what resources will be available for an advocacy issue at the outset.
Elements to consider
• Are there adequate resources – financial, time, skills, knowledge – for advocacy?
• Are efforts under way to mobilize additional resources, both financial and non-financial, through donors, individual supporters or the private sector? • Are there efforts to show how resources for advocacy could yield substantially larger gains than the cost in money and time?
• Can advocacy objectives be integrated, for example, combining health, education and child protection?
SIWI’s Report “Making Water Part of Economic Development” indicated that for every $1 invested in providing universal access to improved water and sanitation services would bring a return of $11.63, yet the return would range from $3 and $34 depending on the region and the level of intervention.
A WSP 2012 report indicated that “eighteen African countries lose around US$5.5 billion every year due to poor sanitation, with annual economic losses between 1 percent and 2.5 percent of GDP.”
A report from the Economics of Sanitation Initiative indicate that in rural sanitation, benefits vary on the technology used. It indicates that in Indonesia pit latrines have a return of five to eight times the cost and that in Yunnan in China, the highest return is at eight times.

16. Step 4: Invest
2014 SWA financial commitments from countries

17. List 5 steps to engage in dialogue
Step 5: Implement
List 5 steps to engage in dialogue
List 5 actions to articulate political commitments
NOTE TO FACILITATOR:
Ask questions first, Fly the graphic in later….
As a large group……let’s answer these questions….
What do you need to do to implement an advocacy strategy?

18. Support Process Step 6: Monitor & Evaluate
2014 SWA Commitment Tracking
This graph shows one way that advocates can track commitments. This looks at the global landscape, but using the same categories on the X axis, you can plot the graph for your country when you are monitoring advocacy efforts for improving political leadership.

19. Support Process Step 6: Monitor & Evaluate
2014 SWA financial commitments from countries
This graph shows another way to group commitments and country participation and political leadership.

20. Support Process Step 6: Monitor & Evaluate
Finance
Equity & Inclusion
Sustainability
Government commits to USD 120 million/year for water investments
Targets under-served population
Commits USD 50,000,000/year for sanitation sub-sector, committed to bridging funding gap within next 2 years
Harmonize all existing gender and E&I frameworks
Conduct E&I studies and implement recommendations Dec
Strengthen existing regional & district inter-agency committees to ensure sector sustainability of WASH services
Monitor implementation of SWA HLM commitments by 2015
Here is a chart that shows how Ghana became engaged and the things the government did to show political commitment and leadership for improving the WASH sector.
CLTS
Revise national CLTS scale-up plan to implement in 10 regions and all 216 districts by 2016

21. For more information, please contact
David Tsetse, Ph.D.
WASH Specialist, Planning Monitoring and Capacity Building Programme Division
Tel:
© United Nations Children’s Fund
June 2016
Cover photo © UNICEF