1. Types of Programming Languages
Functional programming language – achieves main effect by the application of function calls
Procedure oriented programming languages – focus on subprograms and subprogram libraries
Logic programming language (declarative/rule-based programming language) – program expressed in a form of symbolic logic
Imperative programming languages – assignment statement is the main feature
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

2. Object oriented programming language
Three features
Provides a mechanism for building an ADT (like the data oriented programming languages)
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

3. Some languages (dialects) that support object-oriented programming
COBOL
LISP
Perl
Ada 95
CLOS
C++ (C++ is a derivative of C)
Note: these languages were not originally OO, but OO features were added
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

4. Object-oriented programming languages
Java
Smalltalk
Eiffel
Ruby
Java and C++ are not pure object oriented languages
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

5. Object Oriented Concepts
Class – definition of the ADT
Object – instance of the ADT
Derived class (subclass, child) – class defined through inheritance
Base class (superclass, parent) – class from which the new class is derived
Method – subprogram that defines an operation on the class objects
Message – calls to the method
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

6. Object Oriented Concepts
Message protocol (Message interface) – entire collection of methods of an object
Overridden method – method in a parent class is overridden by a method in a derived class they have the same signature
Signature – name, number and types of parameters (also called protocol)
Overloading – methods have same name but different signatures
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

7. Object Oriented Concepts
Instance variables – unique to a class object
Class variables – belong to the class so there is only one copy for the class
Instance methods – can operate on instance variables
Class methods – usually operate only on class variables and can be called without an object
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

8. Object Oriented Concepts
Single inheritance – class inherits from a single parent class
Multiple inheritance – class has more than one parent class
Abstract method (pure virtual method in C++) – method that has no body; descendant classes provide an implementation
Abstract class (abstract base class in C++) – class that has at least one abstract method and thus can not be instantiated
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

9. Inheritance
New abstract data type inherits the data and functionality of an existing type
New functionality can be added
Inherited functionality can be modified
Benefit: enables code reuse
Sections 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.5, 12.6

10. Polymorphism
Polymorphism = polymorphic variables + overridden methods + dynamic binding
Polymorphic variables – variable that can reference a base class object or any derived class object
Dynamic binding – binding occurs during program execution (dynamic = runtime)
Dynamic binding via polymorphic variable – variable asks “what kind of object do I reference?” and calls the appropriate method
Sections 12.1, 12.2