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Reflection and Refraction of Waves
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Important Vocabulary Incident wave – original wave hitting a surface
Angle of incidence – angle of the incident wave Reflected wave – wave that bounces off a surface Angle of reflection – angle at which the wave is reflected Refracted wave – wave that travels through a medium and is bent by that medium Angle of refraction – angle at which the wave is refracted
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More Important Vocabulary
Converge – waves/rays come together and meet at a certain point Diverge – waves/rays disperse and move away from a certain point Convex – curved outward Concave – curved inward
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θi = θr Law of Reflection
When a ray of light is reflected, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection θi = θr
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Reflection continued…
When an object is reflected, an image is created in the mirror The image in the mirror is the same distance at which it is reflected
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Virtual vs. Real Images Real Image – waves converge when they hit the mirror Ex: convex and concave mirrors
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Virtual vs. Real Images Virtual Image – waves diverge when they hit the mirror Ex: plane mirror
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Law of Refraction Refraction is the bending of waves as it moves from one medium to another medium with a different density The more dense the medium is, the slower the wave travels The speed of light in a vacuum is 3 x 108 m/s, so we assume that the speed of light in air is the same because the numbers are so close c = 3 x 108 m/s c represents the constant of the speed of light
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Law of Refraction n = c/v n = index of refraction c = 3 x 108 m/s
The index of refraction is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium n = c/v n = index of refraction c = 3 x 108 m/s v = speed of light in the medium
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Law of Refraction Light bends TOWARD the normal when the optical density is MORE dense Light bends AWAY from the normal when the optical density is LESS dense n1 = 1 n2 = 1.5 n1 = 1.5 n2 = 1
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Law of Refraction According to the picture and the previous slide, how would you know that water is more dense than air?
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Law of Refraction (n1)(sin θ1) = (n2)(sin θ2)
Snell’s Law – shows mathematical relationship between the angle of incidence and angle of refraction when traveling through different media (n1)(sin θ1) = (n2)(sin θ2) n1 = index of refraction in medium 1 θ1 = angle of incidence n2 = index of refraction in medium 2 θ2 = angle of refraction
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