1. Communicating technology
Guiding your audience: metadiscourse
LC-1114 Communicating technology

2. TRANSITIONS AND SIGNPOSTS ARE…
...elements of metadiscourse that verbalise logical connections between ideas, facts and the elements of the talk, thus enhancing understanding.

3. TRANSITIONS…
are words, phrases, or sentences that connect the speech ideas together
are “verbal bridges” between ideas
alert the audience that a new point will be made
Let’s now… In conclusion, … To sum up,…
However,… Another reason is… I’d now like to…

4. TRANSITIONS ARE USED… after the introduction between each main point
within each main point
between slides
before the conclusion

5. TRANSITIONS Transitions between main points
When moving from one main point to another, full-sentence transitions are especially effective
Next, let's look at exactly what sales contests can do for us.

6. TRANSITIONS Transitions between subpoints
Adjectives, like ‘another’ and ‘other’
enumeration, such as First, Second, third,
superordinate terms in guiding your audience between points.
Another way that sales competitions will benefit us is by their relative cost effectiveness.

7. TRANSITIONS Transitions between subpoints
Adjectives, like ‘another’ and ‘other’
enumeration, such as First, Second, third,
superordinate terms in guiding your audience between points.
A second reason why sales competitions will benefit us is their relative cost effectiveness.

8. TRANSITIONS Transitions between subpoints
In addition to…
In addition to costing less than a loss in revenues, sales contests are less expensive than training new people.
The conjunction ‘in addition to’ is particularly effective here, since it uses ‘old’ information already discussed to introduce ‘new’ information, the next point

9. lorries cars bicycles trams ships
Superordinate terms
'Umbrella' terms that can stand for an entire class or category of things.
VEHICLES
(superordinate)
lorries cars bicycles trams ships
Typical superordinate terms:
Option
Alternative
Example
Criterion
Feature
Aspect
Benefit
Advantage
Drawback
Problem
Issue
Technique
Method
Strategy
Approach
Solution
Reason
Rationale
Consequence
Effect
Motivation
Phase
Stage
Step
Effect
Procedure

10. Superordinate terms NUMBER + [superordinate] + [list of items]
Today's computer-display manufacturers are limited by three factors. The first factor is… Another factor is…. And the third factor is…
[superordinate] + SUCH AS / INCLUDING + [examples]
The mobile lifestyle we know today would not be possible without vehicles such as automobiles, buses, trams, and aircraft.

11. Superordinate terms
So, let’s now take a look at the three advantages that our company can gain by sponsoring sales contests.
The first advantage is that competition will motivate…
The second advantage of choosing a contest instead of … is that…
The most important reason is that…
In addition to being cheaper than the other options, a third advantage of sales contests is that…
Another reason is that…

12. Techniques for creating transitions 1. Restate-forecast
Restates the point just covered and previews the point to be covered next
Now that we've established a need for sales contests (restatement), let's now take a look at what sales contests can do for us (forecast).
Now that we've established a need for sales contests (restatement),
Now that I've shown you the problems caused by the common weaknesses in construction project planning, we can next move on to how BIM provides construction professionals with the insight and tools to more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure.
Now that I've shown you the problems caused by the common weaknesses in construction project planning (restatement), we can move on to see how BIM provides construction professionals with the insight and tools to more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure (forecast).
Now that I've shown you the problems caused by the common weaknesses in construction project planning (restatement), we can move on to see how BIM provides construction professionals with the insight and tools to more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure.

13. Techniques for creating transitions 2. Rhetorical questions
Rhetorical questions are effective, because the audience wants to see if you agree with their answer.
Will contests be too expensive? Well, actually they won’t because...
So, how many stages are there then in this process? As you may know, it contains five steps.

14. Techniques for creating transitions 3. Internal previews
Internal previews outline in advance the key ideas that will be discussed in the next main point.
Now, I’d like to talk about the orientation you can expect to receive during your first few days on the job including a tour of the plant, a one-on-one meeting with your supervisor, and a second meeting with the personnel director, who will explain the benefits and responsibilities of working for our corporation.
To help us further understand why recycling is important, I will first explain the positive benefits of recycling and then explore how recycling can help our community.

15. Techniques for creating transitions 4. Internal summaries
Internal summaries draw together important ideas before proceeding to another speech point. They remind listeners what key message was that they need to remember.
It should be clear now that anyone can help solve the problem by knowing how to identify a potential security risk, understanding what NOT to do in such cases and knowing whom to contact about helping them if necessary.

16. In sum,… Use transitions to move
from intro to the first main point
between main points
between subpoints
between slides
from last main point to the conclusion
Use a variety of techniques to create transitions
Restate-forecast
Internal previews
Internal summaries
Rhetorical questions
Superordinate terms

17. Transition hunt: telesurgery
Listen to/read a presentation on telesurgery
Mark where you would add transitions to guide the audience main points?
- subpoints?
2. In groups, compare your notes and suggest improvements.
3. Did you mark the same places?
4. What would you say instead to indicate the transitions?
Use at least
3 different types
in suitable places!

18. Transition hunt: telesurgery
Listen to one version with improved metalanguage.

19. HOMEWORK: A5
Revise your outline, e.g. add/revise your main transitions
Use the template available in MyCourses.
the planning section
introduction (as full text)
main transitions in places indicated in the outline
headings of main points (subpoints if possible)
conclusion (as full text)
references to sources

20. Prepare for ASSIGNMENT 6, the practice session, next week.
Also study Language aid for presenters: metalanguage and Example outline: Recycling attached in Assignment 5.
Prepare for ASSIGNMENT 6, the practice session, next week.
Each group participates in one session only. Come to class in time!
Check in MyCourses:
A6, Rehearsal instructions!
You group’s schedule!

21. Time for a break!
LC-1114 Communicating technology