1. Question of the Day What can maps tell us?
When you last used a map outside of school, what type of map did you use? 31

2. Road Map
Tripinfo.com

3. Map
Model that represents Earth’s surface on a 2-dimensional surface.

4. Topographic Map
Elevation: Height above sea level

5. Compass Rose
Geographic Directions
Thornwood, NY
Newark, NJ

6. ESRT map p. 3 From Syracuse, what direction is:
Niagara Falls
Utica
Binghamton
Oswego

8. Map Legend
Key to map symbols

9. Map Scale
Ratio of distance between 2 places on a map & actual distance on Earth

10. Map Scale 3 Types Bar Scale Verbal Scale 1 inch = 25 miles
Fractional Scale 1:16,000

11. What kind of scale is on ESRT map p. 2?
Bar scale

12. How to Determine Length on Maps

13. Mark length of lake on clean sheet of paper

14. Hold marked paper along scale. Read scale.

15. ESRT Map Questions How long (in km) is Long Island at its longest?
What direction is Binghamton from Ithaca?
3. What lake is between NY & Vermont?
4. What Mt. is near source of the Hudson River?
5. What city is located at 40 º 47' N, 73º 57 ' W?
6. What is the elevation of Lake Erie?
7. What is the bedrock in the Manhattan Prong? (HINT: You’ll need 2 maps for # 7 & # 8)
8. What Adirondack Mountain is shown?

18. ESRT Map Questions km
2. SE
3. Lake Champlain
4. Mt. Marcy
5. New York City m
7. Cambrian and Ordovician
8. Mt. Marcy

19. ESRT maps p. 2 & 3 What landscape region: 1) Do we live in?
2) Is Long Island?
3) Is Mt. Marcy?
4) Is Slide Mt.?
5) Are the Finger Lakes?
1) Manhattan Prong
2) Atlantic Coastal Plain
3) Adirondacks
4) Catskills
5) Allegheny Plateau

21. What can a field map tell us?
Question of the Day
What can a field map tell us?
Draw a map of your kitchen. Imagine smelling chicken soup cooking on the stove. On your map, indicate the strength of the smell vs. distance from stove: Strong, Medium, Mild 32

22. Field
Measurable aspect of environment
Ex.:
Smell of soup
Temperature
Elevation

23. Isoline
Line connecting points of equal value

24. Isolines Isotherms equal temperature
Isobars equal barometric (air) pressure
Contour lines equal elevation

26. Gradient How quickly a value changes from 1 point to another.
ESRT p. 1

28. Question 1
Gradient = Change in field value
Distance
Temperature in town is 20º C. But 10 km west at the river it’s 15º C. What is the temperature gradient between the 2 points?
.5º C/km

29. Gradient = Change in field value Distance
Question 2
Gradient = Change in field value
Distance
Elevation of Pt. A is 200 ft. Ten miles away, Pt. B has an elevation of 600 ft. What’s gradient between A and B?
1) 4 ft./mile
2) 40 ft./mile
3) 20 ft./mile
4) 60 ft./mile

30. Solid air pollutants above a coal-fired, electric-generating plant

31. The formula for gradient is …
Question
The formula for gradient is …
1) Distance Field Value
2) Distance Change in Field Value
3) Change in Field Value Distance
4) Field Value Distance

33. How can we construct a contour map using isolines?
Question of the Day
How can we construct a contour map using isolines?
In what way is classification used on a contour map? 33

34. Isoline
Connects points of equal value.

35. Rules for Drawing Isolines:
1. Connect points of equal value.
* 5 *5
* 10
* 10
* 10
* 10
* 15
* 15

36. 2. Isolines are gentle, curving lines. No sharp corners.
* 5
* 5
* 10
* 10
* 10
* 10
* 15
* 15

37. 3. Isolines are always closed curves (even though map might only show part of it).

38. 4. Isolines NEVER cross. This would mean that 1 point has 2 different values. Ex: one spot has 2 temperatures?
60 °
50 °
40 °
30 ° X
20° Z Y

39. 5. Isolines usually are parallel. (They have a parallel trend.)

41. Gradient How quickly the value changes from 1 point to another.
ESRT p. 1

42. A steep (high) gradient changes quickly. Isolines: close together.
A gentle (low) gradient changes slowly. Isolines: far apart.
Steep area
Gentle area

43. Highlight data points.

44. Fill in gaps in data.

45. Connect the dots.

46. Go on to the next value.

47. In what way is classification used on a contour map?
Equal elevations are grouped together by isolines.

49. What can topographic maps tell us?
Question of the Day
What can topographic maps tell us?
Warm-Up
What is an isoline? What are 3 types of isolines? 34

51. Topographic Maps
Shows topographic features (mts., valleys) using relief - HIGH & low elevation
Uses CONTOUR LINES!

52. CONTOUR LINES Isoline of ELEVATION Height above sea level
Connect points of SAME elevation
Always form loops or extend to edge
Have set contour interval ex: every 10 ft.
Index Contours: Labeled elevation lines  ALWAYS EVEN INTERVALS!

53. CONTOUR LINES Every line = 40 feet, so… 2200 ' + 40' =  2240 '
Then continue up by 40' for each line!
2800
2600
2400

54. Try It Out! What is the Contour Interval? = 20 ft.
What is elevation at each point?
X(a) =
X(b) =
X(c) =
540 ft.
580 ft.
< 620 ft.

55. SLOPE GRADIENT = Change in Field Value Distance
Slope (steepness)  distance b/w 2 contour lines

56. Contour lines CLOSE = Steep Gradient  Cliffs, Steep Hills, Mountains
Slope
Contour lines CLOSE = Steep Gradient  Cliffs, Steep Hills, Mountains
Contour lines FAR APART = Gentle Gradient  Plains, Fields, Gentle Hills

57. Closer the Lines = Steeper the Slope!

58. Red Line = 0.5 mi.
What is slope along Red line?
= 160' per 0.5 mi. or
= 320' ft./mi.

59. C. Interval = 20 ft.
A = 120
B = 180
C = ~190
x b
x a

60. Hills Highest Elevation in CENTER (Top)
As elevation gets higher, “loops” get smaller

61. Depressions
Teeth or hatch marks show elevation goes down, “loops” get smaller
Rim is always SAME elevation as last contour

62. River Valleys
Appear as a “V”
Point of “V” always points upstream
River flows out of open ends of “V”… or downhill!

63. Trick to Find Highs & Lows
Low Elevations
High Elevations

67. Question of the Day How can we make a contour map come alive?
If you’re walking on the trail from Westlake High School to the Rose Hill Shopping Center, are you walking downhill or uphill? Is the gradient (slope) steep or gentle? 35

69. A contour map shows this feature:
Which 1 of the 7 profiles (side views) on the right matches? 36

70. Topographic Profiles
Cross-sectional view along a line drawn through part of a map.
Slice through part of Earth, pull away half, and look at it from the side.

71. 1. Draw profile line. Get paper.

72. 2. Mark all contour lines with elevation #s that cross paper

73. 3. Graph elevations from paper

74. 3 Steps to Make a Profile 1. Draw profile line. Get paper.
2. Mark on paper where all contour lines cross. Label every mark with elevation.
3. Plot elevations on graph. Connect the dots! Remember: No flat tops or bottoms.