1. Element of Art: Value

2. Value
Def: An element of art that describes the ____________ or ___________of an object. ● value depends on how much _____________ a surface reflects. ● a surface has a dark value if it ____________ little light. ● a surface has a light value if it reflects a lot of ________________. ● Value contrasts help us to see and _______________ a two-dimensional work of art.
lightness
darkness
light
reflects
light
understand

3. Low
Value Contrast
High
Value Contrast

4. Value Scale
A gray scale or value scale shows_________ values from light to dark.
The farther ____________ the values are on the scale, the more __________ ___________ can be noted.
Values next to each other on the value scale have the ___________ contrast.
A good work of art has a lot of value contrast (variety of values) including light, dark and the _____________ values.
ten
apart
value contrast
least
middle

5. Good Value Contrast

6. Value is controlled by the amount of _____________ you apply with the pencil.
The harder you press, the ______________ the value.
pressure
darker

7. The Ways Artist use Value in their Compositions:
❶ It can be used to _______________ the subject (center of interest/emphasis) from the background or nearby objects by showing _____________ in values.
separate
differences

8. ❷ It can be used to give ____________ to a composition by using dark values near the bottom with lighter values at the ________.
weight
top

9. ❸ To show distance by making ____________ items darker than ones farther away.
closer

10. ❹ To indicate the _________________ of light and three-dimensionality by leaving areas light where a light source would illuminate them, and _____________ the areas that would fall in the shade.
direction
darkening

11. ❺ Don’t rely literally on values you see
❺ Don’t rely literally on values you see. Often ____________________ of reality will strengthen a composition.
❻ Sharp contrasts in value are ____________ and dramatic and call attention to a composition.
exaggeration
strong

12. Gradual Shading
Def: is shading from light to dark ____________. When this is done correctly you cannot tell where one value starts and another one stops. Gradual value change can __________ the roundness of three-dimensional forms shown on a two-dimensional surface. Gradual shading is mostly used on _____________ objects, but is also used in other circumstances.
slowly
suggest
curved

13. Control your Pencil Wrong Way! Right Way
The key to smooth shading is learning how to control your pencil. You need to be aware of how you hold the pencil, how you apply your strokes, and how hard you press.
Wrong Way!
Right Way

14. Shading Techniques: Blending
Shading with _________ to create values. The harder you press, the darker the value. (For a very dark value it is better to layer several lighter values to create a dark value. If you do not it does not look as good.
pencil

15. Stippling
A technique of using ____________ of dots to create values and value gradation. (usually done with pen and ink) The closer and darker the dots, the darker the value.
patterns

16. Hatching
A method of shading with __________ lines. Consists of closely placed parallel lines going in one direction to create values. (usually done with pen and ink) The closer and thicker the lines the darker the value.
fine

17. Crosshatching
A method of shading with fine lines. Many _____________ lines are first drawn in one direction, and are then crossed with many parallel lines in other _____________ to create different values. (usually done with pen and ink) The closer and heavier the lines the darker the value.
parallel
directions

19. Leave white Use Ultra Fine Sharpie 1 Extremely light layer
2 light layers
Use Ultra Fine Sharpie
3 light layers
4 light layers
5 light layers
Use Pen and Ruler

20. Shading Tips And Techniques
Don’t use outlines: a finished drawing does not have outlines-- only shading.
Keep your pencil sharp: If you keep your pencil sharp at all times it will fill in the grains of the paper better. As a result it will look smoother and neater.
Use the full range of values: A good drawing has all the values of the value scale somewhere in the drawing.

21. More Shading Tips and Techniques
Tools for shading: Use an eraser to lift off pencil to create highlights. Blend your shading with a blending stump. Use the side of it not the point.

22. More Shading Tips and Techniques
Circular shading vs. sideways shading: Use the point or side of your pencil to shade with. Try shading using small overlapping circles to build up value or shade with straight strokes varying the stoke length to avoid unwanted bands of value.

23. More Shading Tips and Techniques
Use Contour shading: Follow the contour or shape of the object when shading. If it is a curved objects—shade following the curve. If it is an angular object—shading following the angle of the object.

24. Viewing Value
Light Source
Highlight: where the light strikes the object directly. The brightest spot.
Light: the second lightest spot that is illuminated but not the brightest.
Shadow: This is the middle values where the object is falling into darkness.
Core of shadow: The darkest area of shadow—farthest from light.
Reflected Light: Area away from the light source where the light from the surface it is sitting on is reflecting onto the object.
Cast Shadow: The object makes a shadow onto its surroundings.

25. Styles of Crosshatching
1) Tight, accurate lines. Plane 2 is arranged at 90 degrees, plane 3 at 45 degrees. 2) Organic lines. Gives a softer feel. 3) Wild, fast lines. Energetic and frantic. 4) Contour lines that follow the contour of the surface.

26. Tight Crosshatching

27. Organic Crosshatching

28. Wild Crosshatching

29. Contour Crosshatching

30. Shade the following forms using the four techniques below.
You may choose which form is blended, stippled, crosshatched, and hatched.

31. Blend – 1
Hatch – 1
Crosshatch – 1
Stippling - 1