1. Section B: The Indo-Iranian Branch

2. Indo-Iranian
Indic:
Hindi
15 Others
Iranian
Farsi
Pashto
Kurdish

3. The Iranian Languages Green - Farsi Purple – Pashto
Turquoise – Kurdish
Red – Lurish
Yellow - Baloch
The Iranian Languages

4. The Indian Languages

5. Hypothesize: Why would people in the same country speak so many different languages?

6. What is Linguistic Fragmentation?

7. Linguistic Fragmentation occurs when people in a country speak many different languages. This is often caused by physical or cultural barriers.

8. Papua, New Guinea has over 850 languages making it the most linguistically diverse place on earth.

9. Predict: How would people in a linguistically diverse country have a central government?

10. Many countries that experience linguistic fragmentation also have an official language. India’s official language is English.

11. What is an official language?

12. An official language is the language used by the government when making laws, reports, public objects, money, and stamps.

13. Why would India’s official language be English?
Answer: Colonization by England

14. An official language is not always the majority language of an area.
Example: New Zealand’s Official Language is only spoken by 5% of the Population

15. Example: Switzerland has Four: German, French, Italian, and Romansch
Some countries have more than one official language.
Example: Switzerland has Four: German, French, Italian, and Romansch

16. Section B: The European Branch

17. Romance Languages Germanic Languages Slavic Languages French Spanish
Italian
Romanian
Portuguese
Germanic Languages
English,
German,
Danish,
Norwegian
Swedish
Slavic Languages
Russian
Polish
Czech
Ukrainian
Slovenian
Serbo-Croatian

18. Basque is a language isolate.

19. What is a language isolate?

20. They are like a language family of only one language.
A language isolate is a language that is not related to any other language around it.
They are like a language family of only one language.

21. Part 3: The English Language

22. English as a Global Lingua Franca
The English Language
The Origins of English
Diffusion of English
American English
English as a Global Lingua Franca
Toponymy

23. Section A: The Origins of English

24. Review: What language family and language branch is English a part of?

25. The Origins of the English Language

26. Where did English come from?
Germanic Tribes
Latin
Old Norse
Norman French
Celtic Tribes
Where did English come from?

27. Old English Middle English Modern English 450CE-1100CE

28. The Lord’s Prayer in Old English
Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum; Si þin nama gehalgod to becume þin rice gewurþe ðin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofonum. urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg and forgyf us ure gyltas swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele soþlice

29. The Lord’s Prayer in Middle English
Oure fadir that art in heuenes, halewid be thi name; thi kyndoom come to; be thi wille don in erthe as in heuene: gyue to us this dai oure breed ouer othir substaunce; and forgyue to us oure dettis, as we forgyuen to oure gettouris; and lede us not in to temptacioun, but delyuere us fro yuel.

30. Section B: The Diffusion of English

31. Map of Great Britain and its Colonies

32. Connect: What types of diffusion may explain the movement of English from place to place. Explain.

33. The Diffusion of English
Britain
British Colonies
United States
United States Annexes (Philippines)
The Diffusion of English

34. Hypothesize: Does English sound the same wherever it is spoken?