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Instrumental or Operant Conditioning

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Presentation on theme: "Instrumental or Operant Conditioning"— Presentation transcript:

1 Instrumental or Operant Conditioning
Chapter 7 Instrumental or Operant Conditioning The Traditions of Thorndike and Skinner  The Initial Learning of an Instrumental or Operant Response  The Importance of Immediate Reinforcement Associative Mechanisms in Instrumental Conditioning  Implications for Biological Constraints on Instrumental Conditioning Implications for Neural Mechanisms of Instrumental Conditioning

2 Contrasts Instrumental Conditioning Pavlovian Conditioning
Response required for presentation of the US No discrete antecedent to the US US is called the reinforcer Pavlovian Conditioning No response requirement US preceded by the CS

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5 Discrete Trial Method Thorndike’s Puzzle Boxes Discrete trials
Paced by the experimenter Not ideal for the study of motivation

6 Free Operant Method B. F. Skinner Subject schedules its own trials
Good for measuring motivation Response rate as the basic measure of behavior Responses/hour

7 What Is Learned? New Responses New Response Units
Familiar response components organized into a novel behavioral unit

8 Shaping Reinforcement of Successive Approximations
Identify starting point of behavior Identify terminal goal Divide the difference into shaping steps

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11 Overcoming Delayed Reinforcement
Secondary or conditioned reinforcement Marking Rx SM R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Reinforcer

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13 S-R Associations and Habits
Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business 2014

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15 Tests of S-O Associations or Reward Expectancy
Emergence of Pavlovian CRs during instrumental conditioning Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer Experiments

16 Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer Experiments
Phase of Classical Conditioning CS comes to elicit a reward expectancy Phase of Instrumental Conditioning Transfer Phase: Test of CS effects on rate of instrumental behavior

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