1. Understand Core Security Principles
LESSON 1.1
Security Fundamentals
Understand Core Security Principles

2. Lesson Overview In this lesson, you will learn:
To identify the difference between computer security and information security
To define information security
To outline the phases of the security systems development cycle

3. IT Infrastructure Threat Model
Identify threats that could affect their organizations’ IT infrastructures.
Discover and mitigate design and implementation issues that could put IT infrastructures at risk.
Prioritize budget and planning efforts to address the most significant threats.
Conduct security efforts for both new and existing IT infrastructure components in a more proactive and cost-effective manner.
On a sheet of paper, list as many “network attacks and threats” that you can think of. Separate into two columns.   

4. Terms and Concepts to Know
CIA triangle (confidentiality, integrity, availability)
Principle of least privilege
Social engineering
Threat and risk principles

6. Confidentiality
The prevention of unauthorized disclosure of information. This can be the result of poor security measures or information leaks by personnel. An example of poor security measures would be to allow anonymous access to sensitive information. .

7. Integrity
The prevention of erroneous modification of information. Authorized users are probably the biggest cause of errors and omissions and the alteration of data. Storing incorrect data within the system can be as bad as losing data. Malicious attackers also can modify, delete, or corrupt information that is vital to the correct operation of business functions.

8. Availability
The prevention of unauthorized withholding of information or resources. This does not apply just to personnel withholding information. Information should be as freely available as possible to authorized users.
Examples of ways to target the availability include:
-Distributed Denial Of Service (DDOS) attacks.
-Abusing user lockout policies to prevent legitimate users from accessing the system.

9. Principle of Least Privilege
Anyone who has been a victim of viruses, worms, and other malicious software (malware) will appreciate the security principle of “least privilege.”
If all processes ran with the smallest set of privileges needed to perform the user's tasks, it would be more difficult for malicious and annoying software to infect a machine and propagate to other machines.

10. IT Infrastructure Threat Model

11. How to Protect Insiders from Social Engineering Threats
To attack your organization, social engineering hackers exploit the credulity, laziness, good manners, or even enthusiasm of your staff. Therefore it is difficult to defend against a socially engineered attack, because the targets may not realize that they have been duped, or may prefer not to admit it to other people.
The goals of a social engineering hacker—someone who tries to gain unauthorized access to your computer systems—are similar to those of any other hacker: they want your company’s money, information, or IT resources.

12. Class Activity
Create a timeline/flowchart explaining the history of computer security and how it evolved into information security
Make sure to include important information security developments during each decade beginning with the 1960s through today
Download Timeline from

13. Lesson Review
What do you think is the most important date in information security and why?
Have you, or family or friends, ever been a victim of social engineering? Explain to the class how it happened.
This is the last slide of the presentation. Explain the business need for information security.
Conclude that a successful IS program is the responsibility of an organization's management and IT staff. It may be helpful to think of examples of software security programs the students are familiar with, and use those to point out differences between them.
Find examples that your students can recognize and associate with.