1. Sparta and Athens

2. Tyranny in the City- States
Rule by the nobles was short lived
First challenge to their rule was from farmers
Farmers borrowed money from the nobles to keep their farms going

3. Tyranny in the City- States
The farmers in debt lost their land and had to work for the nobles
650 BC farmers began demanding changes in power structure p.5

4. Tyranny in the City- States
Merchants and artisans also wanted a say in government, but were considered noncitizens because they did not own property p3

5. Tyranny in the City- States
The growth in unhappiness led to the rise in tyrants
Tyrants- someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority

6. Tyranny in the City- States
600 BC tyrants overthrew the nobles
Tyrants made themselves popular by building new marketplaces, temples, and walls.

7. Tyranny in the City- States
Majority of people did not want rule by one person
Wanted rule by law with all citizens participating
500 BC most tyrants fell out of power

8. Tyranny in the City- States
Most City- States became either oligarchies or democracies
Oligarchy- A few people hold power
Democracy- all citizens share in the running of government

9. Sparta Conquered and enslaved neighbors Helots- Captive workers
Importance of the Military
Conquered and enslaved neighbors
Helots- Captive workers
Sparta feared that the Helots would rebel
Age 7 boys left their families and trained for war and Were harshly treated

10. Sparta Age 20 entered the regimental army
Men remained in the army for 10 years
Men returned home at age 30 but stayed in the army until age 60
Surrender not an option

11. Sparta Girls trained in sports Running, wrestling, and javelin
Wives lived at home while the men lived in barracks
Women could own property and go where they wanted

12. Sparta Spartan Government Government was an oligarchy
2 kings headed a council of elders
The council, 28 men over age 60 proposed laws to an assembly

13. Sparta All Spartans over age 30 belonged to the assembly
Voted on laws and chose 5 people to be ephors
Ephors-enforced laws and collected taxes

14. Sparta
To keep anyone from questioning system foreign visitors were discouraged
Travel abroad not allowed
Frowned upon citizens who studied literature or the arts

15. Sparta Spartans succeeded in controlling the Helots for 250 years
By focusing on military matters Spartans fell behind other Greeks in Trade
Knew less about Science and other subjects
4-2A

16. Athens
Athens more interested in building a democracy rather than military force

17. Athens Education was very different
Boys taught to read and write and do math
Another teacher taught sports
A third teacher taught them to sing and do instruments
Age 18 boys finished school and became citizens

18. Athens Girls stayed at home Mothers taught spinning and weaving
Only in wealthy families did girls learn to read
When they married they stayed at home to teach their daughters

19. Athens Early Athens ruled by land owning nobles around 600 BC
Athens Had an assembly of citizens, but had few powers
Farmers owed the nobles money and many sold themselves into slavery to pay their debts

20. Athens To solve problem farmers went to Solon
Solon- Noble trusted by farmers and nobles; canceled the farmers debt and freed those in slavery
Allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly and law courts

21. Athens
Council of 400 wealthy citizens wrote the laws but the assembly had to pass them

22. Athens
Farmers pressured Solon to give away the nobles’ land but he refused.
After Solon’s rule, there would be 30 years of chaos.

23. Athens Peisistratus a tyrant seized power in 560 BC
Won support by dividing up large estates among the poor farmers
Loaned money to poor people and gave them jobs building temples and other public works.

24. Athens Cleisthenes came to power in 506 BC
Reorganized the assembly to play an important part in government

25. Athens Cleisthenes Allowed for open debate Hear court cases
Appoint army generals
Appointed an assembly of 500 people to carry out daily business

26. Athens
Council was chosen once a year in a lottery; thought this system was much more fair
Women, foreign born men, and slaves were not allowed in the process.
Cleisthenes credited for making Athens a democracy 4-2B

27. review Who were the Helots?
Why did the tyrants fall out of favor with the Greeks?
Why did the Athenians Choose the lottery system for choosing public officials?
Why was Solon popular among some farmers?
How did Athenian democracy keep any one person from gaining too much power?