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* Do work with one movement
Simple Machines * Do work with one movement
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Six Types: - Inclined plane - Wedge - Screw - Lever - Wheel and axle - Pulley
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Inclined Plane A flat, sloped surface Allows you to exert your input force over a longer distance. Mechanical advantage = length of incline height of incline
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Wedges Wedge- a device that is thick on one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other end. It is a movable inclined plane. Example: ax, zipper Mechanical Advantage: length of wedge width of wedge
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Screw Screw – an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
The threads of a screw act like an inclined plane to increase the distance over which you exert an input force. The closer the threads of a screw the greater the mechanical advantage. Mechanical advantage – the length around the threads the length of the screw
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Levers Lever- a rigid bar that is free to pivot, or rotate on a fixed point. The fixed point is called the fulcrum. Example: Paint can opener Mechanical advantage = distance from fulcrum to input force distance from fulcrum to output force
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1st class levers Fulcrum is between input force and output force (object) Examples: see-saw, scissors, crowbar
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2nd class levers Output force (object) is between the fulcrum and the input force. Examples: wheelbarrows, doors, nutcrackers
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3rd class levers Input force is between the output force (object) and the fulcrum Examples: shovel, fishing pole, your arm
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Wheel and axle Wheel and Axle- two circular or cylindrical object fastened together that rotate about a common axis. Examples: Ferris wheels, bicycles, door knobs, screw driver Mechanical Advantage = radius of the wheel radius of axle
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Pulleys Pulley- a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it. Input force is applied by pulling on one end of the rope which; Decreases the amount of input force needed by applying it over the distance of the rope Can change the direction of your input force Ex. flagpole
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Types of Pulleys Fixed pulley – a pulley attached to a stationary structure; only changes direction of the force Mechanical Advantage = 1 Movable pulley – multiplies input force, but does not change direction Mechanical Advantage >1 Block and Tackle – system made up of fixed and moveable pulleys
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Increasing Mechanical Advantage of a pulley
The longer the rope the longer the distance the input force is applied over, so the greater the mechanical advantage. Mechanical Advantage of a pulley system = the number of supporting sections of a rope
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Compound Machines A combination of two or more simple machines Ex. Apple peeler
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