1. President James Madison
madwar
Born in Virginia, 1751
Enlisted in Continental Army but too small
Attended Princeton University and became a lawyer.
Father of the Constitution and Bill of Rights.
Secretary of State during Jefferson’s Presidency
President (D-R), 1809 to 1817
Had to deal with Jefferson’s policies after he left office
President James Madison

2. Presidential Election of 1808

3. Madison’s Administration: Tension Over Trade Continues
Non-Intercourse Trade Act of 1809
Define: Trade with other nations other than Eng. & France-attempt to damage their economies
Results: seriously damaged the economy of the United States
Macon’s Bill No. 2
Define: reopened trade with England and France- could suspend if issues arise
Results: Despite hurting the economy as a whole, the bill did help America begin to industrialize- no British manufactured goods could be imported and had to be instead produced domestically

4. Presidential Election of 1812

5. Veto of Bonus Bills (1817) Bonus Bill (by Calhoun of SC)
Extra revenues from BUS would be used to pay for internal improvements
Clay’s American System
Madison vetoes the Bill
Strict Constructionist
Would increase the power of the central gov’t
Constitution did not give Fed gov’t power to finance these projects
Veto reflects sectional concerns
Creation of roads would allow people to move to territories, less power to already established states

6. Maritime Issues Problems on the Frontier Western “War Hawks”
Causes of the War of 1812
Maritime Issues
Problems on the Frontier
Western “War Hawks”

7. Principle of Free Trade and Impressment of American Sailors
England blockades ports under French control to all foreign shipping (including U.S.)
England continued to seize U.S. ships and impress Americans

8. Attacks on Western Frontier
Conflict
Tecumseh (Shawnee) and the Prophet (brother) form Indian Confederacy
Attack white settlements east of Mississippi
Supplied by British
Renewal of Indian cultural
General William H. Harrison is governor of Indiana and instructed by Pres. Jefferson to convince Tecumseh to stop
We gave them forest-clad mountains and valleys full of game and in return what did they give our warriors and our women? Rum, trinkets (jewelry) and death”
-Tecumseh “

9. Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811 Harrison invites N.A. chiefs to
a meeting in Fort Wayne, IN.
Sign a treaty giving away 3 mil acres of land to U.S.
Tecumseh organized a confederacy of Indian tribes to fight for their homelands.
Tecumseh’s brother fought against Harrison and was defeated at Tippecanoe.
This made Harrison a national hero! [1840 election  Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!]

10. John C. Calhoun South Carolina
Western War Hawks
Calhoun and Clay want War! Why???
Defend its neutrality
Stop impressment (destroying U.S. economy)
British forts on U.S. soil
Tecumseh (British arming)
Desire for Canada
British disrespect Americans
New Generation of Americans, born after independence, don’t fear British
John C. Calhoun South Carolina
Henry Clay Kentucky

11. New England Opposes the War
NE states (mostly Federalist) opposed
Policies and war will hurt trade
They are the coastal states and will deal with brunt of war, western lands will not
Led by Daniel Webster

12. Madison’s War Message and Congressional Vote
6/1/1812
Britain had:
Interfered with U.S. Shipping
Impressment of sailors
Provoked Indian attacks
Congressional Vote
Reflected sectional/political divisions
HoR 79-49
Senate 19-13

13. United States vs. Britain
The War of 1812 aka
2nd War of Independence
Aka Mr. Madison’s War
United States vs. Britain

14. Problems Facing America
Military is unprepared
16 ships v. 100+
Disorganized state militias and few volunteers
Financially
Inflated paper money
No trade = no tariff profits
Disunity in country

15. US unprepared for war but fought valiantly
Map war1812
WAR OF 1812
US unprepared for war but fought valiantly
Failed invasion into Canada.
British blockade hurt US economy…

16. The British Burn the Capital
August 1814, the British Army invades the United States and marches on Washington D.C.
After a brief fight the city surrenders and nearly all government buildings are razed by fire
Madison rallies the American public after this defeat

17. Washington, D.C. burned by British, 25th of August 1814
Burning the Capital
highlights
Dolly Madison escaped from White House and took many pieces of art, furniture from the White House before the British destroyed it.
Washington, D.C. burned by British, 25th of August 1814

18. Failure of the Conscription Bill (1814)
Need for a larger Military Force
Madison and SoS Monroe propose a Conscription Bill
Create a national draft
Wanted 40,000 Soldiers
Opposition to bill is lead by Daniel Webster (F, NH)
Believes draft is unconstitutional and limits freedoms and liberty
Draft is never mentioned in Constitution

19. The Battle of Fort McHenry and the “The Star Spangled Banner”

20. Battle of New Orleans (1/8/15)
10k British v. 4.5K U.S.
British attack unprotected
Battle takes an hour
Most of the fighting in the first 20 minutes
British = 2,036 casualties
US = 21 casualties
Andrew Jackson was the American General = war hero

21. The Treaty of Ghent War of 1812 is considered a “stalemate”…Dec. 1814
Results:
A halt to the fighting
The return of all conquered territory to the prewar borders
Recognition of the prewar boundary between Canada and the United States
DOES NOT ADDRESS ANY OF THE CAUSES OF THE WAR

22. Hartford Convention (12/14 – 1/15)
Radical NE Federalist meet to discuss problems (caused by the war) and their possible solutions
Believed it was an unnecessary war against the wrong enemy
Continued to smuggle goods and trade with England
Talked of secession (never that seriously)
When people learned about the meeting and discussions the Federalist became very unpopular

23. War’s Impact and Legacy
Illustrated sectional differences in America
Federalist Party begins to disappear (due to the Hartford Convention)
Idea of nullification will later be used by the South
U.S. remains neutral in European affairs and wants to be isolated = Monroe Doctrine
Native Americans forced to give up land and relocate
U.S. builds factory since they can not rely on Britain
War heroes – Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison are future presidents
U.S. Nationalism:
Attack Barbary Pirates
Larger standing army
American System
National Bank is re-chartered

24. Tariff of 1816
Reasoning
U.S. is facing budget deficit and Fed. Gov’t needs more $
Can not rely on GB for goods, must protect U.S. manufacturing
Clay’s American System
Support
North
where majority of manufacturing is, so they favor a protective tariff
South
Tariff is to be temporary
after War of 1812 they push for national unity – advocated by Calhoun – Era of Good Feelings
Tariff will only apply to certain goods (cotton, wool, iron – not things they often bought)
Tariff Passes
25% tariff for 3 years then % begins to drop