1. Unit 4 “The Early Republic” Part 1
Troubles at Sea
Unit 4 “The Early Republic” Part 1

2. Threats to American Trade
Threats to American trade soon forced Jefferson to turn to foreign affairs.
In 1801, Jefferson sent the navy to the Mediterranean Sea to stop attacks on American ships by Barbary Pirates.
The American navy was too weak to defeat the pirates. Finally, in 1815, the American and European fleets united to destroy the pirate bases.

3. Barbary States
The Barbary States are four states in North Africa that you must pass after entering the Strait of Gibraltar to enter the Mediterranean Sea.
The four states are:
Morocco (present day Morocco)
Algiers (present day capital of Algeria)
Tunis (present day capital of Tunisia)
Tripoli (present day capital of Libya)

4. Barbary States

5. Barbary States (Today)

6. Barbary Raids

7. Strait of Gibraltar

8. Questions? What were the Barbary States? (List 4)
Where are they located today? (By what name?)
What sea did Barbary Pirates primarily raid?
What is the Strait that has to be passed through to reach this sea? (Between what two countries)

9. Problems with Britain
In the face of war between France and Britain, Jefferson declared the United States neutral. In spite of this, both France and Britain seized American ships heading for the other’s ports. The British also impressed American sailors.
Impressed- when someone is forced to work in another nation’s navy

10. The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
In 1807 the Leopard, a British warship, stopped the Chesapeake, an American naval ship off the coast of Virginia. The British were looking for deserters. When the Chesapeake Captain James Barron explained there would not be any deserters on his ship, the British retaliated. The Leopard opened fire on the Chesapeake, killing or wounding 21 American sailors. The British found only one deserter aboard and promptly hung him.
The Chesapeake-Leopard affair angered Americans about impressments that they demanded war. Instead, Jefferson proposed an embargo to force Britain and France to stop attacking American ships.

11. Chesapeake

12. Questions?
Why were Americans outraged over the Chesapeake –Leopard Affair?
What could have been done to solve the issue?

13. Jefferson’s Embargo Embargo- a complete halt on trade
Jefferson’s embargo policy did not prove effective though. Americans suffered more than France and Britain did.
In 1809, just days before the end of his term, Jefferson ended the embargo and signed the Non-Intercourse Act. It said America could trade with any nation except France and Britain. Like the embargo, the Non-Intercourse Act was a failure.
When this policy also failed a growing number of Americans saw war as unavoidable. The question was: War with France or Britain?

14. Questions? Why was the embargo a mistake?
How did it affect France? Britain? The United States?
Who suffered from the embargo the most?

15. Election of 1808
In the presidential election of 1808, opposition to the embargo was an issue. Jefferson threw his support behind fellow Virginian James Madison. Madison easily won defeating Charles C. Pinckney.
1808-James Madison 4th POTUS
Vice President-George Clinton

16. James Madison 4th POTUS

17. George Clinton V.P.