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Clauses: Dependent and Independent
Mrs. Davis’s 5th Grade Language Arts Classes
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What is a Clause? A clause is a related group of words with a subject and a predicate. There are 2 types of clauses: independent and dependent.
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Independent Clauses Something independent does not rely on others for support. An independent clause is simple: it’s just a sentence! So, independent clauses: express a complete thought, stand alone, and make sense.
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Dependent Clauses Something dependent DOES rely on others for support.
A dependent clause is a clause that has a subject and a predicate (just like a sentence). But, a dependent clause DOES NOT express a complete thought, stand alone, or make sense.
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Dependent Markers This is where it gets tricky…
A dependent clause often has a marker, which is just a word that makes it dependent. Common markers include: if, since, after, when, while, although, because, before Need help remembering? I SAW W.A.B.B. (radio station)
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Punctuating Clauses You already know how to punctuate an independent clause (. / ? / !). If a dependent clause comes at the beginning of a sentence, put a comma (,) after it. If a dependent clause comes at the end of a sentence, add an end mark (. / ? / !) after it (but NO comma before it).
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Punctuating Clauses Look at these dependent clauses:
When I cry, my nose gets red. My nose gets red when I cry. (Notice the comma after the dependent clause at the beginning of the sentence!) Because I lied, I can’t go. I can’t go because I lied.
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Time for Practice! Write the dependent clause, and
underline its marker. Although I’m new, I have many friends. I can’t go to the park before I do my homework. My sister will cry if I pull her hair. While you wait, would you like some tea? Since you’re late, you have more work to do.
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Practice Answers! Write the dependent clause, and
Underline its marker. Although I’m new before I do my homework. if I pull her hair. While you wait Since you’re late
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POP Quiz! Write an independent clause.
Write a sentence with a dependent clause at the beginning. List as many of the 8 markers you learned as you can remember. What makes a clause dependent? When do you use a comma to set off a dependent clause? Change this dependent clause into an independent clause: since I’m going home today
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POP Quiz Answers! Volunteers?
Volunteers?…did you remember the comma after the clause? if, since, after, when, while, although, because, before A marker makes a clause dependent. You use a comma to set off a dependent clause when it comes at the beginning of a sentence.
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