1. Cell Structures Unit

2. Cells – What are they? Specific
Separate mass surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane
The basic structural unit of life
All organisms are composed of one or more cells

3. Cells – What are they? How cells differ from each other; Size Shape
Organization

4. The Discovery of the Cell
The first microscope magnified an object 270 times.
Today, they can magnify 200,000 times.
Robert Hooke was the first to view the world of cells in 1660.

5. Cell Developments 1665 – Robert Hooke English scientists
Took thin sliced of cork bark
Noticed they had similar compartments
He called them cells
Estimated there were 1 billion cells per cubic inch

6. Cell Developments 1838 – Matthais Schledien 1839 – Theodor Schwann
Discovered that plants have cells
1839 – Theodor Schwann
Discovered that animals have cells
1858 – Rodolf Virchow
Discovered that all cells come from living things.

7. The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

8. Animal Cell

9. Inter Cellular Terminology
Cytoplasm:
Suspended fluid inside the cell
Aids in transport of substances within the cell

10. Inter Cellular Terminology
Organelles
Special structures in the cytoplasm
Each performs a special task to help keep the cell alive

11. Intra-cellular terminology
Plasma Membrane
Encloses the cell
Regulates what enters and exits the cell

12. Inter Cellular Terminology
Chromosomes
Molecules of DNA wrapped around proteins
Found in the Nucleus
Controls cell functions and the what traits are passed on

13. Centriole

14. Inter Cellular Terminology
Centriole
Small, Organelle lying near the nucleus in the cytoplasm
Aids in cell division
Only in animal cells

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum

16. Inter Cellular Terminology
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of canals
Transports substances into the cell
Called the CHEMICAL WORK BENCH
Plants and Animals
Smooth ER
Rough ER

17. Golgi Apparatus

18. Inter Cellular Terminology
Golgi Apparatus
Found in the cytoplasm
Packages proteins for
Storage
Secretion
Plants and Animals

19. Lysosome

20. Inter Cellular Terminology
Only in Animal Cells
Lysosome
Breaks down food and foreign material.
Removes waste materials from the cell

21. Inter Cellular Terminology
Messenger RNA
Synthesized in the Nucleus
Passes through the ribosome
Provides a template for enzyme or protein synthesis

22. Inter Cellular Terminology
Transfer RNA
Serves as an adaptor molecule in the syntheses of protein

23. Mitochondria

24. Inter Cellular Terminology
Mitochondria
Spherical or elongated
Releases energy to produce body heat.
Contains the electron transmitter
POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL
Burn food to obtain energy
Plants and Animals

25. Inter Cellular Terminology
Nuclear Membrane
Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Controls
What leaves the cell
What enters the cell

26. Nucleus & Nucleolus

27. Inter Cellular Terminology
Nucleolus
Produces ribonucleic acids (RNA)
Assembles ribosome's
Plants and Animals

28. Inter Cellular Terminology
Nucleus
Organelle containing the hereditary information
Plants and Animals

29. Inter Cellular Terminology
Ribosomes
Granules composed of protein and RNA
Synthesis protein

30. Vacuole

31. Inter Cellular Terminology
Vacuole
Small space within a cell
Filled with water
Stores food, water and wastes
Plants and Animals

32. Structures outside of the Cell
Hemoglobin
Red
Protein pigment that transports O and CO2
Regulates pH

33. Structures outside of the Cell
Erythrocyte
Red Blood Cells
Leukocytes
White blood cells

34. Structures outside of the Cell
Platelet
Small colorless corpuscle
Aids in blood coagulation

35. Levels of Cellular Organization
Cells
The basic unit of all living things
Tissues:
Groups of cells working together
Organs:
Groups of tissues working together
Organ Systems:
Groups of organs working together
Organisms:
Groups of organ systems working together

36. Processes of the Cell Absorption: Chlorophyll:
Taking in water and nutrients
Chlorophyll:
The green pigment of plants
Aids in photosynthesis

37. Processes of the Cell Chloroplast: Chlorophyll:
The site that photosynthesis takes place
Chlorophyll:
The green pigment of plants
Aids in photosynthesis

38. Processes of the Cell Differentiation: Photosynthesis:
Process of changing unspecialized into specialized cells
Photosynthesis:
Making sugars in green plants from water, carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight.

39. Processes of the Cell Respiration: Transpiration:
Using stored foods to obtain energy
Transpiration:
The evaporation of water from the leaves of the plant

40. Processes of Photosynthesis
The process that plants us to produce food for themselves
Plants are the factories of the world
An estimated 150 billion tons of sugar are produced by plants each year

41. Processes of Photosynthesis
How it works
Carbon Dioxide enters the leaf from the surrounding air
Water moves from the soil into the root, stems, and leaves
The H20 and the CO2 are synthesized in the chlorophyll with the energy from sunlight

42. Processes of Photosynthesis
The end result is the formulation of sugar which is transported around the plant to be used
After the plant uses the Hydrogen, and Carbon, the Oxygen is a bi-product of the photosynthesis and is released

43. Processes of Respiration
Here’s how it works;
Sugar is broken down to produce energy for essential plant functions.
Respiration consumes oxygen and glucose
Respiration gives of Carbon Dioxide and water

44. Photosynthesis –vrs- Respiration
Building of carbohydrates
Using carbohydrates
Sugars manufactured
Sugars consumed
Requires light
Happens day or night
Captures energy
Uses energy
Only takes place in plants
Carries on in both plants and animals
Sugar is the end product
Energy produced for plant functions

45. Plants vs. Animals Plant Cells Cell Wall They have chloroplasts
Made of cellulose
Gives support and shape
They have chloroplasts
Green chlorophyll pigment
Site of Photosynthesis

46. Plants vs. Animals Plant Cells No microtubules No cenrioles
Usually a single large vacuole
Liposome's are absent.

47. Plant Cell

48. Plants vs. Animals Animal Cells Microtubules give them shape
No cell wall, plastids, chloroplasts
Vacuoles are small

49. Animal Cell