1. Siam Reap, Angkor, Cambodia
COUNTRY REPORT
Food Crop
September, 2016
Siam Reap, Angkor, Cambodia
Chhin Sovandeth
Vice chief of Plant Protection office

2. General Information for Cambodia
Country name: Kingdom of Cambodia
Government Type: Multiparty democracy under a Constitutional monarchy
Administrative division: 24 provinces and 1 Capital.
Capital: Phnom Penh

3. Natural resources Table1
Natural resources Table1. Land use and it occupation by category in Cambodia (ha)
Land use
Area (ha)
Area (%)
Total
18,133,656
100
Agriculture
4,370,027 24
Forest cover*
10,215,094 56
Grassland
1,078,243 6
Shrub land
1,883,882 10
Soil-Rock
36,254
0.2
Urban
18,022
0.1
Water
532,133 3

4. Agriculture and its constrains
Share of GDP 27.5%
Rice is remaining the most important commodity for export among other 11 priority crops.
Rice yield in Cambodia is remarkable low as compared to neighbouring countries
Moreover, Cambodia is still facing with several constrains in agriculture:
They are water, soil fertility, variety, good quality seed, pests and diseases, investment in research and marketing.
→ For contributing solving the problem, the project namely the Collaboration Network for Management of Migratory Rice Planthoppers and Associated Virus Diseases of Rice in Asia was formulated and implemented in the country members, including Cambodia, since mid of 2011 with funding from AFACI and it continues till present.

5. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
IPM training activities have become more demand-driven and can be scaled-up at district level.
IPM Program is to promote food security and safety and better market access for IPM produce.
Through participation in season long Farmers Field Schools, farmers develop skills to increase productivity and profitability in an environmentally friendly and health safety manner.

6. Major training activities implemented are training of trainers courses on key crops.
Safe IPM produce is then supplied to supermarkets, restaurants, and high class hotels-casinos.

7. IPM Activities
Location
Svay Reang province
- Svay Chrom district, Svay Teab district, Chan Trea district.
- 50 farmers each district.
Prey Veng provine
- Kam Chay Mea district, Sithor Kandal district, and Kanh Chreach district.

8. Extension and Control measure
BPH
General information of BPH
Control measure
→​Use Water
→ Use Net
→ Release ducks in the rice field
→ Use pesticides

9. Army warm
General information of BPH
Control measure
- Control rice field or farm (clean)
- Dig small ditch around the rice field or farm
- Use water
- Pesticides use

12. In conclusion, IPM Program leads to more sustainable and cost-effective production, reduction of ecological disruption and environmental contamination, reduction of public health and toxic residues in food and improvement of livelihood, biodiversity and marketability of produces.
This makes a huge contribution to food security and safety promotion, poverty alleviation, and ultimately to the national economic growth which are the priorities of the Cambodian Royal Government’s rural development policy and strategy.

13. Rice cultivation and varieties
There are three groups of cultivated rice cultivars:
1- Early maturing (120 days or less)
2- Medium (> days)
3- And late maturing (>150 days).
The traditional cultivars grown in Cambodia are generally photoperiod sensitive and of longer duration (late maturing cultivars).
Such cultivars may face more problems with brown planthopper attack because populations can build up with more generation within a single crop cycle.

14. Project goal and objectives
The main objectives of this regional project are:
1- To assess the status of problems in rice production incurred by RPH and associated viruses in the respective collaborating countries.
2-To develop a zonal RPH migration model based on seasonal and spatial monitoring data on RPH populations and rice virus incidences in the collaborating countries.
3- To determine the characteristics of RPH for transmission of rice viruses prevalent in the collaborating countries.
4- To establish the structural framework for multinational collaboration for the management of RPH and associated rice viruses among the participating countries.

15. BPH population monitoring by using yellow sticky trap
The sticky traps were implemented in rice fields to monitor for recording the BPH population.
The prone area of BPH outbreaks is the reason of site study selection.
Three farmer rice fields in as that location was heavily outbreak during (fig1).

16. Light trap monitoring for migrating BPH
A light trap has been set since 2011 in Poloas’ Plant Protection Research Station in Prey Veng province.
The selecting location for BPH monitoring has a history of BPH outbreaks.
In the report period (from June 2014-June 2015) light trap was monitored nightly.
The light attracting insects and arthropods were observed at high level of catchment in the period of from June to September (Table 2).

17. Table 2. Light trap data collected from a single trap from June 2015 to June 2016 in Prey Veng, Cambodia
Month
BPH
WBPH
SBPH
Rice Leaf Folder
Rice Stemborer
Other 1
Male
Female
June 15
340 58
458
July 15
300 65
590
August 15
470 30
530
September 15
350 25
415
October 15
270 15
455
November 15
197 20
257
December 15
168 60
348
January 16 57
377
February 16
227 46
434
March 16
192
267
April 16
200 27
239
May 16
160 17
332
June 16
310
680
July 16
400 56
657
August 16
420 55
510
Note : Other 1 : They are grasshoppers, crickets, butterflies and spiders

18. From June to the end of August, 2016 the yellow sticky trap was used to monitor the incidence planthoppers, which used to occur during that period.
Three rice fields (as replicates) in Punlear village, Sangkor commune, Svay Rieng district, Svay Rieng province were the target fields for monitoring planthoppers occurrence.
Understanding that rice production in Cambodia is mainly (85%) in wet season (from May to December each year).
So that from June to August each year is the reasonable period for conducting rice planthopper surveillance as that period more frequently those rice field near the Vietnam border were landed by BPH.
BPH adults were caught by each sampling site together along with spiders, which we observed very abundance that can make farmer rice fields keeping in low level for entire crop cycle.

19. Svay Reang, Cambodia, Ba> BPH adults, Spd>spiders
Table 3. BPH and other athropods trapped by yellow sticky trap from (2016)
Svay Reang, Cambodia, Ba> BPH adults, Spd>spiders
Month in 2016
June
July
August
Week # 1 2 3 4
BHP & Spiders # Ba
Spd
Field R1 46 60 25 26
332 18
404 22
189 5
437 12 62 7
225 9 54 63 6 R2 55 35 27 56
142 14 15 17
331
223 8
190
163 67
479 R3 47 30 19 79
208
302
337
442 23
192
176
151
104

20. Pesticide information to control rice planthoppers
Even we are not encouraging farmers to use chemicals to control BPH, we still approve the private companies to import insecticides for use in BPH control.
The registration for imported insecticides is approved for two products:
1) Phenobucarb (killing BPH adults)
2) Buprofezin (killing BPH juvenile instars)
- Nevertheless, several products are imported by local farmers and small traders. These illegal/unofficial imports include banned insecticides.

21. Project outcome
The information on pest status in rice production as well other crops including vegatable are regularly reported to the political level.
Then it is highly interested by showing immediately taken an action directly to the location and released the experiences and technical to the farmers
The rice planthopper occurrence in southeast provinces (Prey Veng & Svay Rieng) is broadcasted via local radio in those provinces.
That radio channel is very popular by the local farmers; thus information on planthoppers landing.
Field day at the end of season also play an important role to share the best experience in applying IPM in rice and vegetable crops.

22. Farmer field school in vegetable crop conducted in several locations is helpful for vegetable growers; in pictures below farmers gained the knowledge on insect pest biology by applying insect zoo into the FFS.

24. Planning for project activity in 2016
The project should focus on:
- Monitoring on rice planthopper occurrence
- Surveillance on rice diseases
- Insect pests and diseases occurrence in vegetable production and vegetable IPM information
Produce in leaflet for farmers on research results in 2016.
- Detail information of pesticides use to control planthopper.

25. សូមអរគុណ
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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