1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Europe
in the
1920s
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. The Essential Question
How did the world change as a result of the Great War?
List and explain some of the changes that took place in each country for discussed in these notes

3. Europe in 1919

4. Think Economic, political and social changes.
Based off your reading
Idenitfy and explain a political,
Economic and social change
in Europe after WWI.
Think Economic, political and social changes.

5. Reaction to WWI
Destruction & horror of WWI made people question “progress” of society
In U.S. The Roaring 20’s
Jazz music comes on the seen
U.S. experiences a “boom time”
Europeans want to be like us
Youth Rebellion – short hair, short skirts; drinking & smoking; birth control
Flappers – liberated young women

6. Social Changes - Everywhere
Existentialism claimed that there was “no universal meaning to life”
20’s Technology – cars & the assembly line; airplane; radio; movies

7. Germany

8. From the German Point of View
 Lost—but not forgotten country.
Into the heart You are to dig yourself these words as into stone: Which we have lost may not be truly lost!

9. Maimed German WW I Veteran

10. The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory
Disgruntled German WWI veterans

11. German “Revolutions” [1918]

12. Sparticist Poster

13. German Freikorps

14. Rosa Luxemburg [1870-1919] murdered by the Freikorps
The Spartacist League
Rosa Luxemburg [ ] murdered by the Freikorps

15. Friedrich Ebert: First President of the Weimar Republic

16. The German Government: 1919-1920

17. The German Mark

18. The German Mark

19. The French in the Ruhr: 1923

20. The French Occupation of the Ruhr

21. The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923

22. The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized

23. Hitler in Landesberg Prison

24. Mein Kampf [My Struggle]

25. European Debts to the United States

26. The Dawes Plan (1924)

27. The Young Plan (1930)
For three generations, you’ll have to slave away!
$26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

28. Weimar Germany: Political Representation [1920-1933]
Political Parties in the Reichstag
May 1924
Dec
May 1928
Sep. 1930
July 1932
Nov. 1932
Mar. 1933
Communist Party (KPD) 62 45 54 77 89
100 81
Social Democratic Party (SDP)
131
153
143
133
121
120
Catholic Centre Party (BVP) 88 78 87 97 90 93
Nationalist Party (DNVP) 95
103 73 41 37 52
Nazi Party (NSDAP) 32 14 12
107
230
196
288
Other Parties
102
112
122 22 35 23

29. Italy

30. Benito Mussolini [ ]

31. Italian Fasces

32. March on Rome [1922]

33. Fascist Youth

34. Lateran Treaty [1929]

35. England

36. Stanley Baldwin
Conservative Party

37. 1926 General Strike Trades Disputes Act (1927):
All general or sympathy strikes were illegal.
It forbade unions from raising money for political purposes.

38. France

39. Raymond Poincaré & the Conservative Right
He sent French troops into the Ruhr in 1923.
Pushed for large-scale infrastructure reconstruction programs [counting on German reparations to pay for them].
After :
New taxes & tightened tax collections.
Drastic decline in govt. spending that stabilized the franc [the threat of runaway inflation was avoided!]

40. Edouard Herriot & the French Socialists
Progressive social reform.
Spoke for the lower classes, small businessmen, and farmers.
Committed to private enterprise and private property.
Fervently anti-clerical.

41. Collective
Security

42. Essential Question
How did European countries attempt to keep the peace and develop collective security?

43. League of Nations Members

44. Washington Naval Conference [1921-1922]
Five-Power Treaty – ratio for Warship tonnage
Four-Power Treaty – U.S. France, Britain and Japan agreed to consult w/ each other in the event of a E. Asia crisis before taking action
Nine-Power Treaty – marked internationalization of U.S. Open door policy. Recognized Japanese dominance in Manchuria
U. S Britain Japan France Italy

45. The Maginot Line

46. Austin Chamberlain (Br.)
Locarno Pact: 1925
Austin Chamberlain (Br.)
Gustave Stresemann (Ger.)
Aristide Briand (Fr.)
Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.
Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

47. Locarno Pact: 1925

48. Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928
15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.
Problem  no way of enforcement.

49. Art
in the
1920s

50. George Grosz
Grey Day (1921)
DaDa

51. The Pillars of Society (1926)
George Grosz
The Pillars of Society (1926)
DaDa

52. Picasso  Studio with Plaster Head [1925]
Cubism

53. Georges Braque  Still Life LeJeur [1929]
Cubism

54. Walter Gropius  Bauhaus Bldg. [1928]

55. The
Great
Depression

56. Essential Question
How and why did the American Great Depression impact European Countries?

57. Causes of the Great Depression
World economy was like a house of cards
U.S. (key card) has 3 weaknesses:
Uneven distribution of wealth
surplus of goods
Investors buy stock on margin

58. Stock Market Crashes
Black Tuesday - stock market crashed Oct. 29, 1929
B/C people panic that most stocks were over-valued
16 million shares sold - most at a huge loss
Global depression results – world trade drops by 65%
Banks and businesses fail; people loose their land and homes
2. Stability of world economy rested on U.S.; 1929 U.S. turning out nearly half of world’s industrial goods

59. European Debts to the United States

60. The Great Depression [1929-1941]
London in 1930
Paris in 1930

61. German Unemployment: 1929-1938

62. The Great Depression [1929-1941]

63. Decrease in World Trade: 1929-1932

64. German Election Results in 1933

65. The “New Napoleons?”