1. Oxyanions, Hydrates, Acids and Bases

2. Lesson Outline
Naming Hydrates Naming Oxyanions Naming Acids and Bases

3. copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate CuSO45H2O.
Hydrates
A number of ionic compounds called hydrates produce water when they decompose upon heating.
The number of water molecules is added in the formula
copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate CuSO45H2O.
Prefixes are used to indicate the number of water molecules in a hydrated compound
Hydrates Worksheet

4. Oxyanions
Elements that can form more than one oxyanion (polyatomic ions that contain oxygen), each containing a different number of oxygen atoms.
ClO4- ClO3- ClO2- ClO-
In a family of oxyanions, the charge remains the same; only the number of oxygen atom varies

5. Oxyanions
the most common of an element’s oxyanions has a name with the form (root)ate.
Relationship
General Name
Example Name
Example formula
One more oxygen atom than (root)ate
per(root)ate
perchlorate
ClO4-
Most Common
(root)ate
chlorate
ClO3-
One less oxygen than (root)ate
(root)ite
chlorite
ClO2-
Two less oxygen than (root)ate
hypo(root)ite
hypochlorite
ClO-
Oxyanions Worksheet

6. Compounds Containing Hydrogen
When Hydrogen is the least electronegative atom it is known as an acid HCl Hydrochloric Acid When Hydrogen is not the least electronegative atom it acts as an anion NaH Sodium Hydride

7. Acids
Steps to Naming Acids 1. temporarily name it as an ionic compound HCl hydrogen chloride. 2. use the rules below to name it properly. hydrochloric acid
Compound Name
Name as an acid
Hydrogen ide ex. Hydrogen chloride becomes
Hydro----ic acid ex. Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen -----ate ex. Hydrogen nitrate becomes
-----ic acid nitric acid
Hydrogen ----ite ex. Hydrogen nitrite becomes
------ous acid nitrous acid

8. Organic Acids
Acids containing carbon and hydrogen (usually the H is at the end of the formula) CH3COOH acetic acid

9. Bases are simply named like ionic compounds
compounds that form hydroxide ions(OH) when dissolved in water
Bases are simply named like ionic compounds
NaOH Sodium Hydroxide
Acids Worksheet

10. Moving Forward
Chemical Equations