1. 10/11 Ancient History Do Now: Fill in the maps with as many physical features and places as possible.

2. Environmental Factors
Water
rivers, seas
Topography (the shape of the land)
- mountains, valleys, deserts
Vegetation
- plant life

3. Water Important for many reasons
- allows for drinking, bathing, & washing things
- source of food
- transportation & trade

4. Topography Important for early settlement
- farmers usually settled in flat, open spaces like plains & valleys  good for growing crops
- avoided mountains & deserts  difficult to travel & farm in these areas

5. Vegetation Influenced early settlement in several ways
- plants were a source of food (both wild & crops)
- people made products from plants (medicines, baskets, rope)

6. Early Settlements of Egypt & Kush
Egyptians lived along northern part of Nile River
Kushites lived along southern part of Nile River

7. Map of Ancient Egypt

8. Physical Features of Egypt & Kush
Nile River was surrounded by Libyan, Arabian, & Nubian Deserts
- Gave protection to people in Nile River valley
To the north  Mediterranean Sea
To the east  Red Sea

9. Environmental Factors of Egypt & Kush
Water – Nile River
Source of fresh water
Provided natural irrigation when it flooded
Provided food
Topography – Nile River
In south, wide areas of flat land
In north, wide plains watered by annual flooding
Vegetation – Nile River
Useful plants like reeds & papyrus

11. Map of Ancient Canaan

12. Physical Features of Canaan
Coastal plains bordered Med. Sea
Lebanon Mountains to the north
Jordan River flowed down from mountain range through Sea of Galilee to Dead Sea

13. Environment Factors of Canaan
Water
Med. Sea provided trade
Sea of Galilee & Jordan River provided water
Areas near water were good for farming

14. Environmental Factors of Canaan - continued
Topography
Farmers lived in coastal plains & near Jordan River
Other areas were difficult to farm so people became herders
Vegetation
Plant life abundant near Jordan River
Grasslands were also common  herders made good use of them

18. The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs

19. Three Periods of Stability
Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 B.C.E.)
- pharaohs set up strong central governments & built pyramids as tombs
Middle Kingdom ( B.C.E.)
Period of Reunification
Many achievements in literature, art, & architecture

20. Three Periods of Stability - continued
New Kingdom (1600 – 1100 B.C.E.)
- Golden Age  Egypt’s power reached its height
- pharaohs increased trade & built gigantic monuments

21. Pharaoh Khufu Ruled during Old Kingdom
Best known as the builder of a famous pyramid – Great Pyramid at Giza
Established pharaoh as central authority by declaring himself a god

22. Pharaoh Senusret I Ruled during Middle Kingdom
Many achievements in art, literature, & architecture during his reign
His greatest accomplishments were in religious architecture
He built & improved many temples & monuments including The White Chapel

23. The White Chapel

24. Pharaoh Hatshepsut Ruled during Middle Kingdom
Egypt’s first female pharaoh
Greatest accomplishment was simply gaining power
She promoted trade with other countries - biggest expedition was to African kingdom of Punt
Left behind a stunning monument, at great temple at Dayr al-Bahri

25. Temple at Dayr al-Bahri

26. Pharaoh Ramses II Ruled during New Kingdom
Ruled for 60 years - longer than any other pharaoh
Best known for military leadership & for building numerous monuments
Tried to defend an Egyptian empire that extended into Canaan
Most famous military battles were against the Hittite Empire in Anatolia

27. Pharaoh Ramses II - continued
He was also a peacemaker – signed the world’s first peace treaty with the Hittites
Most impressive project was the temple complex at Abu Simbel

28. Temple at Abu Simbel