1. Native American Cultures
By Mr. Eichmann

2. Southwest Cultures - Hopi, Zuni, Navajo
Environment – Dry, water scarce, desert,
Economy – corns, beans, squash, baskets, dolls
Settlements – built with adobe, pueblos, irrigation ditches

3. Great Plains Cultures – Cheyenne, Pawnee, Sioux
Environment – grasslands, no trees, flatlands
Economy – hunted bison; used for what they need; teepees
Settlements – less settled, nomadic

4. Great Basin Cultures – Shoshone, Ute Environment – Dry and mountainous
Economy – Gathered seeds; hunted rabbits and snakes
Settlements – Nomadic

5. Cultures – Inuit, Eskimo
Far North
Cultures – Inuit, Eskimo
Environment – arctic conditions
Economy – Hunted seals, walruses, whales, salmon, caribou
Settlements - igloos

6. Northwest Cultures – Kwakiutl, Nootka, Tlingit
Environment – Forests, coastal waters
Economy – Salmon and other fish
Settlements – made of lumber, canoes, totem poles

7. Southeast Cultures – Choctaw, Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw
Environment – Warm, forests
Economy – traders of stone ornaments & other objects
Settlements – various types, “Mound Builders” (cemeteries)

8. Eastern Woodlands
Cultures – Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca, Lenape, Delaware, Iroquois Confederation
Environment – forests
Economy – hunters, farmers
Settlements - longhouses

9. Olmec Civilization 1200 B.C- 400 B.C.
Location – Southern Mexico
Economy – slash and burn agriculture; traded clay figures for goods
Religion – sports played important role; polytheistic; jaguar a religious symbol
Contributions – Earrings, beads, and necklaces

10. The Maya (250 B.C.-900 A.D.)
Location – Central Mexico; Yucatan Peninsula to Guatemala
Economy- Farming; corns, beans, and squash, cacao trees (chocolate) ; Copan- major trading city
Religion – Many gods; Yum Kax (maize god); sports important

11. Contributions of the Maya
Studied astronomy and mathematics
Developed accurate calendar
Written language; first in North America
Architecture – pyramids and sculptures

12. Aztec Civilization (1325-1521 A.D.)
Location – Northern Mexico
Economy – Tenochtitlan – major trading city; farmed tomatoes, chili, and peppers; 2% enslaved
Religion – king had god-like power; temples for many gods; sacrifices

13. Aztec Contributions Medicine Astronomy Art and architecture
Writing (codex)

14. Inca Civilization (1200 A.D.-1531 A.D.)
Location – South America; Andes Mountains between Peru and Chile
Economy – Cuzco – largest city; farms and cities built on mountains; corn important; irrigation ditches
Religion – “Children of the Sun”; polytheistic; Machu Picchu (possibly a religious site)

16. Contributions Road system 1. For trade
2. For moving armies from place to place
Quipus – threads for recordkeeping
Clothing for identification
Architecture