1. The basic structure that makes up all living organisms
The Cell
The basic structure that makes up all living organisms

2. The Discovery of the Cell
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. The structures that make up a cell are called organelles.
1665: Robert Hooke
looked at cork he saw "little rooms" that he called cells 

3. Understanding Cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthius Schleiden
Used a simple microscope to see moving objects that he called "animalcules." He was actually looking at bacteria.
Matthius Schleiden
Botanist who studied the parts of plant cells. Determined that all plants are made of cells
Theodore Schwann:
Zoologist who studied animals. Determined that all animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow:
All living cells come from other living cells.

4. The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells
Cells only come from other living cells.
Living cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things.

5. Typical _______ Cell 1 13 2 12 3 4 11 5 10 6 7 9 8

6. Plant Typical _______ Cell nucleolus Nuclear membrane mitochondrion
nucleus
endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosome
cell
membrane
chromosome
cell wall
cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
vacuole

7. 1
Typical ________________ Cell 12 2 11 10 3 9 4 8 7 5 6

8. Animal
Typical ________________ Cell
nucleolus
chromosome
nucleus
mitochondrion
ribosome
vacuole
nuclear
membrane
endoplasmic
reticulum
cell
membrane
cytoplasm
lysosome

9. Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both
Strong, stiff, nonliving layer outside the cell membrane; in plants, made of cellulose (a carbohydrate)
Cell Membrane
Supports and protects the cell
Cell Wall
Plant
Outer layer, living, elastic, flexible, contains pores (a barrier made of lipids)
Controls movement into and out of the cell
Both

10. Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both
Region between the nucleus and the cell membrane; consists of a jellylike substance that contains many organelles
Nucleus
Moves organelles and various materials throughout the cell
Cytoplasm
Both
Large oval structure in the cell. Bounded by a nuclear membrane. Contains chromosomes and a nucleolus
Control Center. Regulates all activities of the cell
Both

11. Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both
Nucleolus
One of a set of structures found in the nucleus; made of DNA, plus some protein
Place where ribosomes are made
Small dark area found in the nucleus
Both
Directs cell activities. Passes traits of the cell to new cells. Stores information needed to build proteins
Both
Chromosomes

12. Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(E.R.)
Small, grainlike body made primarily of RNA; may be attached to the E.R. or floating free in cytoplasm; produced in nucleolus
Place where proteins are made
System of clear tubular passageways that spread throughout the cytoplasm
Transports material throughout the cell
Both
Ribosomes
Both

13. Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both
Oval-shaped organelles; located in the cytoplasm; has a smooth outer membrane and a greatly folded inner membrane
Both
Vacuole
Respiration, where chemical energy in food is released.
Mitochondrion
Stores food, water, wastes and other materials (in plants they keep the cell firm)
Large, round water filled sac in the cytoplasm
Both

14. Cell Part Description Function Plant, Animal, Both
Lysosome
Animal, rare in plant
Captures energy in sunlight and uses it to produce food (photosynthesis)
Plant
Small round sacs in cytoplasm, contains digestive enzymes.
Breaks down food, old cell parts, cells that are dead, injured, or both.
Large, green structure in the cytoplasm that contain chlorophyll
Chloroplast

15. Mitosis
The process of cell division, where one cell divides into 2 identical cells
Controlled by the nucleus

16. Two Divisions of Cells Eukaryote Prokaryote
Cells with a nucleus to hold genetic material
Typically larger than prokaryote
Prokaryote
Cells without a nucleus
Typically very small

17. Plants
All
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight
O2 + C6H12O6
O2 + C6H12O6
CO2 + H2O + ATP

18. Cell Specialization Organelles Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems
(nucleus, chloroplasts)
Cells
1st Level
(blood cells, skin cells,
nerve cells)
Tissues
2nd
(muscle tissue, scar tissue)
Organs
3rd
(Pancreas, Heart, Liver, Lungs)
Organ Systems
(Respiratory system, immune system, circulatory system)
4th
Organism
5th

19. Extra for copies or the future.

21. Cell Specialization _____________________ 1st Level
2nd
_____________________
3rd
_____________________
4th
_____________________
5th

22. Problems with the Cell Theory
Questions:
What are viruses?
How are they different from cells?
Explain how viruses are the exception to the cell theory.
Are viruses living? (opinion)
Meter
Millimeter
Micrometer
Nanometer