1. Part 2: Combustion and Single Displacement Reactions
Chemical Reactions
Part 2: Combustion and Single Displacement Reactions

2. Objectives
-To identify combustion and single displacement chemical reactions
-To predict the products of these two types of reactions

3. Combustion Reactions Combustion = add oxygen
Combustion reactions-most compounds
combine with oxygen when they burn to
form oxides
Key: 1 compound plus oxygen
AB + O2  oxide of A + oxide of B C2H6 + 7 O2  4 CO2 + 6 H2O

4. Combustion Reactions
Normally, a compound composed of only C, H, (and maybe O) is reacted with oxygen – usually called “burning”
If the combustion is complete, the products will be CO2 and H2O
If the combustion is incomplete, the products will be CO (or possibly just C) and H2O

5. Single Displacement Reactions
Single displacement reactions-one element replaces another in a compound
More active metals replace less active metals OR
More active nonmetals replace less active nonmetals (see activity chart reference)
Key: reactants are 1 element and 1 compound (the element can’t be O2)

6. The “Activity Series” of Metals
Lithium
Potassium
Calcium
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Zinc
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
Lead
Hydrogen
Bismuth
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Platinum
Gold
Higher activity
Metals can replace other metals, provided they are above the metal they are trying to replace (i.e. zinc will replace lead)
Metals above hydrogen can replace hydrogen in acids
Metals from magnesium upward can replace hydrogen in water
Lower activity

7. The “Activity Series” of Halogens
Higher Activity
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Halogens can replace other
halogens in compounds, provided they are above the halogen they are trying to replace.
Lower Activity
2NaCl(s) + F2(g) 
2NaF(s) + Cl2(g)
???
MgCl2(s) + Br2(g) 
???
No Reaction!

9. Single Displacement Reactions
A. More active metals replace less active metals from their compounds (Hydrogen can act like a metal)
Cu + 2 AgNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
Zn + H2SO4  ZnSO4 + H2

10. Single Displacement Reactions
B. More active nonmetals replace less active nonmetals from their compounds
Cl2 + 2 NaI  2 NaCl + I2

11. Single Displacement Reactions
C. Very active metals (only the first 5) can replace one (AND ONLY ONE) of the hydrogens from the stable compound water.
2 Na + 2 H2O  2 NaOH + H2
a metal hydroxide is always one of the products

12. Objectives
-To identify combustion and single displacement chemical reactions
-To predict the products of these two types of reactions