1. leaching, runoff, and volatilization
farm grown crops
fertilizers and lime
crops
crop residues
leaching, runoff, and volatilization
soil
a) vegetable or agronomic crop farm
pasture
lime, small quantity of fertilizers, mineral supplements
meat
manure
leaching, runoff, and volatilization
soil
b) grass-fed beef operation or other type of integrated crop/livestock farm
c) dairy farm
leaching, runoff, and volatilization
milk and meat
soil
farm grown crops
Crop residues and manure
feeds and minerals, bedding, fertilizers and lime
Figure 7.2 Nutrient flows and cycles on a) crop, b) grass-fed beef or other integrated crop/livestock farm, and c) dairy farms.