1. Do Now
1. Give an example of a situation you would use the term “bad blood”?
2. If you were sick, would you go to the hair salon/barber to be cured? Why/Why not?
3. What organs are involved in the circulatory system?

2. Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System

3. Circulatory System Function
1. Transportation system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the body's cells, and waste materials are carried away.

4. Circulatory System Function
2. Also carries substances called hormones, which control body processes, and antibodies to fight invading germs.

5. www.biosbcc.net/doohan/ sample/htm/heart.htm

6. But we didn’t start out with all of this knowledge….
Because it was illegal to open up & perform operations on the body, people of ancient times came up with their own conclusions about why people became ill.

7. In Ancient Greece…
In Ancient Greece, people believed a person became ill when the evil spirits entered their body, coursing through their blood.
If someone got sick they would send them to the town BARBER.

8. Blood-Letting
There was no way for these spirits to leave unless some type of cut in the body was made.
Sick people were brought in to the local barber, who would cut a vein and let some of the person’s “bad” blood drain into a pan.
This “bad” blood was enriched with the evil spirits and when the barber thought enough blood was let out, he would patch up the patient and send them off.

9. Until the 19th century… (1800’s)
Blood-letting was the treatment for MANY illnesses
Barbers were the most common “surgeons”.
A striped pole was the sign of a barber shop.
It symbolizes this treatment-
red:blood, white:bandages, blue:veins.
Today, the barber pole is a reminder of a time when bloodletting was an important part of a barber’s job.

10. Hmm… How could this possibly go wrong….?

11. Hmm… How could this possibly go wrong….?
Bleed to death
Infections
Barbers cut hair-- they are not trained doctors
The person leaves.. They are still sick (obviously).. Now has to go BACK to the “doctor” and have yet ANOTHER cutting “treatment”.
You get sick in Ancient Greece-1800’s, it’s not looking good…

12. Let’s fast forward to present day in medicine..
It became legal to dissect humans (after death, of course)
Scientists have mapped out the human body
Doctors are trained.
DRs don’t cut you when you’re sick. :)
You get sick today, you have a better shot.

13. Circulatory System Parts
You might want to remember the bloodletting info for a later date
.. Just saying. ;)
Back to the notes……
Circulatory System Parts

14. Parts of the Circulatory System
Divided into 3 major parts:
The Heart
The Blood
The Blood Vessels

15. The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system.

16. The Circulation of Blood in the Circulatory System

17. Circulation Happens in Two Parts
First part
Heart acts as double pump
Blood from the heart’s right side pump is dark red and low in oxygen (oxygen-poor)

18. Circulation Happens in Two Parts
Second Part
Blood travels through pulmonary arteries to lungs where it gets fresh oxygen and becomes bright red
Blood from lungs through pulmonary veins back to the heart's left side pump
Pumped out into the body

20. Three Kinds of Circulation:
1. Pulmonary circulation
2. Coronary circulation
3. Systemic circulation

21. 1. Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again

22. Pulmonary Circulation
Starting when the blood first enters the heart from being around the body:
1. Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium
3. Right Ventricle
4. Pulmonary Artery
5. Lungs
6. Pulmonary Vein
7. Left Atrium
8. Left Ventricle
9. Aorta
10. Rest of Body

23. sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/ pulmonary.html

24. Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart
2. Coronary Circulation
Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart

26. 3. Systemic Circulation
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body, except for the heart and lungs

28. Hollow tubes that circulate your blood
Blood Vessels
Hollow tubes that circulate your blood
**Human’s have ~60,000 miles of blood vessels in their bodies.
(That’s more than twice the circumference of the earth!)

29. Three Kinds of Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

30. Arteries Carry blood AWAY from the heart Heart pumps blood
Main artery called the aorta
Aorta divides and branches
Many smaller arteries
Each region of your body has system of arteries supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich blood.

31. Arteries Tough on the outside Smooth on the inside
Muscular wall helps the heart pump blood

32. Arteries Have strong, muscular walls
The inner layer is very smooth so that the blood can flow easily

34. Veins Carry blood to the heart Receive blood from the capillaries
Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood back to the lungs and heart
Valves are located inside the veins
Allow blood to move in one direction

35. Veins

37. Connect arteries & veins
Capillaries
Very thin
Only one cell thick
Connect arteries & veins

38. Capillaries Food and oxygen released to the body cells
Carbon dioxide and other waste products returned to the bloodstream

39. Capillaries

40. Capillaries
w3.uokhsc.edu

41. Capillaries

42. The Heart Size of your fist, about one pound Thick muscular walls
Divided into two pumps
Each pump has two chambers
Upper chamber - atrium receives blood coming in from the veins
Lower chamber - ventricle squeezes blood out into the arteries
**Pig and baboon hearts have been transplanted into humans

43. Parts of the Heart **The human heart beats ~35 million times per year.

44. Characteristics of the Heart:
The right side of the heart works as the Pulmonary circuit pump
Receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins of the body through the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, and it pumps through the Pulmonary Trunk.
The Pulmonary Trunk splits into the right and left Pulmonary Arteries, which carry blood to the lungs, where O2 is picked up and CO2 is unloaded.
Oxygen-rich blood drains from the lungs & is returned to the left side of the heart through the four Pulmonary Veins.

45. Characteristics of the Heart:
Lub Dup Sound: The atria contract. As they begin to relax, the ventricles contract.
Systole: When the heart is contracted.
Diastole: When the heart is relaxed.
120 80

46. Heart Valves Close up of heart valve
The sound of your heart beating is made by the valves as they open and close

47. Blood Pumped by your heart.
Travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels
Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells.
Made up of liquids, solids and small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

48. Blood Parts
White Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
Platelets
Plasma

49. Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
Takes carbon dioxide and transports it back to the lungs
About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood & live about four months.
** Your heart beats about 100,000 times in one day and 35 million times in a year. During an average lifetime, the human heart will beat more than 2.5 billion times

50. ** Your entire volume of blood goes through your entire body once every minute.

51. White Blood Cells White blood cells protect the body from germs
Attack and destroy germs when they enter the body

52. scienceu.fsu.edu
illus/167i2.htm

53. Blood Platelets
Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding

54. user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm

55. Blood Plasma Plasma is the liquid part of the blood
About half of your blood is made of plasma
The plasma carries the blood cells throughout the body
Plasma is made in the liver.

57. Inflammations of the CS
Hypotension: Low blood Pressure
Chronic: hints at poor nutrition & inadequate levels of blood proteins
Hypertension: High Blood Pressure
Chronic: diet, obesity, stress, heredity, & race seem to be a factor
Artherosclerosis: Progessive hypertension leads to this
Changes in the walls of large arteries consisting of lipid deposits on the artery walls

58. Inflammations of the CS
Arteriosclerosis:
Any of a # of porliferative and degenerative changes in the arteries leading to their drecreased elasticity.
Coronary Artery Disease: Filling of blood vessels w/ fatty deposits leads to this
The roughening of the vessel walls
Congestive Heart Failure: Progessive Artherosclerosis leads to this
One side of the heart fails, overworking the other side, until the heart stops working altogether

59. Fun Facts
Your heart beats 100,000 times and pumps ~2,000 gallons of blood every day!
The heartbeat is strong enough to squirt blood 30 feet.
The longer a boy’s ring finger is, the less likely he is to have a heart attack (according to one study).
The heart pumps ~1,000,000 barrels of blood in a lifetime.
The blue whale has the largest heart – It weighs ~1 ton
The hummingbird’s heart beats 1,000 times per minute.
People living in higher places have more red blood cells because their red blood cells hold less oxygen.