1. Standards
S7L2a.
Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make needed materials.

2. I can explain how cells get their energy?
Learning Target
I can explain how cells get their energy?

4.                    
                              
Energy for Life
                   
                              
                         

5. Cells use chemical reactions
to change the chemical energy stored in food into forms of energy that can be used in metabolism.

6. Metabolism
is the term for the constantly occurring chemical activities in the cells of organisms that allow that organism to carry on life functions.

7. Metabolic processes that require oxygen are termed aerobic
that do not require oxygen are termed anaerobic.

8. Stop and Share--Metabolism
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in cells.
Aerobic = Requires Oxygen
Anaerobic = Does Not Require Oxygen

9. Living Things Producers (Autotroph) make their own food.
Consumers (Heterotroph) do not make their own food.

10. How Plants get their Food?
Most plants are really lucky - they don't have to go out shopping for their food or spend time cooking it.
They just sit around in our gardens waiting for sunshine and then they make their food themselves.
Find out how . . .
Plants are the living organisms that can make their own food.
If plants could not turn the sun's energy into food, we would all die.
That is because we can eat all sorts of things plants grow, such as leaves, seeds, fruits, roots, nuts and flowers. But we can't eat sunshine!

11. Producers
change light energy into chemical energy through a process known as photosynthesis.
During this process, light is used to make sugar and oxygen is a by-product.

12. Pigments
Chlorophyll and other pigments capture light in photosynthesis.

13. Chemical Reaction for Photosynthesis
CARBON
DIOXIDE
Light
ENERGY +
WATER +
Sugar +
OXYGEN
C6H12O6 O2
Carbohydrates are organic because they contain carbon.
This is shown with a C in formulas.
Note the C in the chemical formula in your notes.

14. The Ingredients for Photosynthesis
The sunlight is used to start the process of photosynthesis and to break down the water.
Sunlight
CO2
This is a water molecule. 
In photosynthesis it is broken down by the sun's rays and the oxygen exits the cell.
Water
H2O
Carbon Dioxide
This is a carbon dioxide molecule.
The chlorophyll makes the plant green.  It takes in the sunlight.
Chlorophyll

15. The end products of Photosynthesis
Glucose is the food made by the plant.  It is a simple sugar.
Glucose
C6H12O6
Oxygen is used by us, but in photosynthesis it is just a waste product.
Oxygen O2
There is an equation for photosynthesis.
Carbon Dioxide (6) + Water (6)    Sunlight  >  Glucose (1) + Oxygen (6)                                                       Chlorophyll>
Because oxygen is given off as a waste product, you might think that plants do not require it. Not so.  Just as do almost all other living things, green plants need oxygen in order to release the energy in food.

17. Stop and Share--Photosynthesis
Producers (autotrophs) make their own food.
Consumers(heterotrophs) rely on producers.
In photosynthesis, producers use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugars and give off oxygen.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
Chlorophyll is the pigment in the chloroplast that traps the light.
C means there is carbon.
Carbon is found in organic substances

18. Respiration

19. Energy
An organism must release energy from food in order to make use of the food.
The process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release energy is known as respiration.
The food most easily broken down is carbohydrates.

20. Respiration begins in the cytoplasm.
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules.
These are further broken down into two simpler molecules. Energy (ATP) is released.
If oxygen is present, the molecules enter the mitochondria. Where much more energy is released

21. What does respiration use?
Respiration uses sugar and oxygen.
Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.
What is the energy molecule?

22. The Ingredients for Cell Respiration
Glucose is the food made by the plant.  It is a simple sugar.
Glucose
C6H12O6
Oxygen is used by us, but in photosynthesis it is just an end product.
Oxygen O2

23. The Products of Cell Respiration
Carbon Dioxide
This is a carbon dioxide molecule.
CO2
This is a water molecule. 
In photosynthesis it is broken down by the sun's rays and the oxygen exits the cell.
Water O2
Cell stores energy in the form of ATP molecules.
ATP (energy)
 There is an equation for cellular respiration:
Glucose (1) + Oxygen (6) > Carbon Dioxide (6) + Water (6) + ATP(energy)

24. Stop and Share—Cellular Respiration
Breaks Down Carbohydrates
Begins in the Cytoplasm—Carbohydrates Broken Down
This releases a small amount of energy (ATP)
If oxygen is present, molecules move into the mitochondria where much more ATP is produced.

25. Stop and Share What does respiration require? Sugar and Oxygen
What does respiration produce?
Energy, Carbon Dioxide and Water

27. Photosynthesis and respiration are almost the opposite of each other
Photosynthesis and respiration are almost the opposite of each other. Photosynthesis produces sugars and the by-product oxygen which are used in respiration.

28. Respiration produces energy and carbon dioxide and water which are used in photosynthesis.

30. Fermentation Producing energy without oxygen is called fermentation.
Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm and does NOT move into the mitochondria.
Produces low amounts of energy.

31. Fermentation Type of waste produced depends on the cell
Your muscle cells can produce lactic acid
Some bacteria produce lactic acid and is used in food production.
Yeast cells use fermentation to break down glucose in bread dough.
Yeast cells produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.

32. Stop and Share--Fermentation
Produces Energy WITHOUT Oxygen
Occurs ONLY in the Cytoplasm
Low Amounts of Energy
Muscle Cells Produce Lactic Acid
Yeast Produce Carbon Dioxide and Alcohol

34. Enzymes Chemical reactions require enzymes.
Enzymes control the rate of chemical reactions.
While enzymes cause a change to occur, the enzyme itself is not changed.

35. Stop and Share--Enzymes
Chemical Reactions require enzymes.
Enzymes Control Rate of Reaction
The enzyme is not changed.
What type of organic compound are enzymes?