1. EQ: How do cells obtain nutrients to grow and make needed materials?
Cellular Processes: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
EQ: How do cells obtain nutrients to grow and make needed materials?

2. Desired Outcome Why do you get hungry?
Feeling hungry is your body’s way of telling you that your cells need energy.
Cells use energy to stay alive
The desired outcome of photosynthesis and cellular respiration is energy for the cell to use to perform other processes

3. Plant cells get their energy from the sun
Cell Energy
Plant cells get their energy from the sun
Animal cells get the energy they need from food

4. From sun to cell
As you know, all energy webs and pyramids start with the sun.
Plants capture the energy of the sun and change it into food through a process called photosynthesis
The food that plants make supplies them with energy.
This food also becomes a source of energy for the organisms that eat the plants

5. Photosynthesis Plants have molecules that absorb light energy.
These molecules are called pigments.
Pigments give color
The main pigment used in photosynthesis is called chlorophyll.
This give plants their green color
Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts

6. Photosynthesis
Plants use the energy captured by the chloroplasts to change the carbon dioxide and water into food (energy).
This food is in the form of a simple sugar: glucose
When plants make glucose, they convert the sun’s energy into a form of energy that can be stored and used.
Photosynthesis also produces oxygen!

7. Photosynthesis
The chemical equation for photosynthesis looks like this:
Light Energy
6CO2+6H2O C6H12O6+6O2
Chlorophyll
Which means when 6 molecules of carbon dioxide are added to 6 molecules of water and chlorophyll is produced as a result of light exposure, sugar (energy) and oxygen are the result!

8. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Animal cells have different ways of getting energy from food
The first way, cellular respiration, uses oxygen to break down food
The second way, fermentation, no oxygen is needed
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9. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration is not breathing!!!
The word “respiration” means “breathing”
But cellular respiration is different from breathing!
Breathing supplies the oxygen needed for cellular respiration
Breathing also removes carbon dioxide, which is the waste product of cellular respiration.
But cellular respiration is a chemical process that occurs in cells, not the mechanical process that occurs in your lungs

10. Cellular Respiration
It is a chemical process where food (glucose) and oxygen, are broken down into carbon dioxide and water and energy is released
It is used to make ATP (energy) by the mitochondria, and maintain an animal’s body temperature.

11. Cellular Respiration
The chemical equation for cellular respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+ 6H2O+Energy
Which means that when sugar and 6 molecules of oxygen are consumed by animals, 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water and energy will be produced.
The OPPOSITE of photosynthesis!

12. A Symbiotic Relationship

13. Connection between Photosynthesis and Respiration…
Cellular Respiration
Animals
Changes oxygen(O2 )to carbon dioxide (CO2)
Animals need the O2 for respiration
Plants
Changes carbon dioxide (CO2) to oxygen (O2)
Plants need the CO2 for photosynthesis

15. Have you ever had a side stitch after running?
Fermentation
Have you ever had a side stitch after running?

16. Fermentation
When your muscles can’t get the oxygen needed for cellular respiration, they use the process of fermentation for energy.
In fermentation, glucose molecules (sugars) are broken down, but oxygen is not used.
The waste products of fermentation are lactic acid, alcohol, and carbon dioxide.