1. Spine Injuries
Sports Med

3. Cervical Neck MOI Axial Load Flexion Hyperextension
Rotation and Flexion
Rotation and Hyper-flexion
Lateral Flexion

4. Cervical Fracture Gymnasts, hockey, diving, football, rugby MOI S/S TX
Relatively uncommon in athletics but you should always be prepared to handle the situation.
MOI
Axial loading and flexion, rotation, hyperextension
S/S
Most common in 4-6 cervical vertebrae
Point tenderness, restricted movement
Muscle spasms
Numbness & pain in extremities, loss of bladder/bowel control TX
Rule out spinal injury
X-ray, refer to physician

5. Cervical Sprain Whiplash
MOI
Violent flexion, extension or rotation
Affects anterior and posterior ligaments
S/S
Persistent, tender over transverse and spinous processes
Pain occurs a day later TX
Refer to rule out a fx
Neurological exam
PRICE, traction

7. Acute torticollis Wry Neck
MOI
Pain on one side of the neck upon waking up
Synovial lining or capsule is pinched
S/S
Palpable pt. tenderness and muscle spasm
Limited side flexion, and rotation TX
X-ray, traction, AROM, PROM, modalities

8. Scheuermann’s Disease Thoracic
Gymnastics, butterfly swimming
MOI
Kyphosis resulting from wedged fx of 3 or more vertebrae
Causes nucleolus pulposis to enter into vertebrae
S/S
Kyphosis and lumbar lordosis but no pain
Point tender over spinous processes and back ache at end of day TX
Prevent progressive kyphosis
Extension exercises, anti-inflammatory

9. Lumbar MOI Congenital Idiopathic Mechanical Present at birth Traumatic
Overuse injury
Strains, sprains

10. Lumbar Strain MOI S/S TX Sudden extension and rotation
Faulty posture, excessive lumbar lordosis
S/S
Pain with active extension and passive flexion TX
PRICE, elastic wrap to compress
Stretching, strengthening exercises should not cause pain

11. Sciatica Inflammatory condition of the sciatic nerve MOI S/S TX
Nerve compression, irregularities in vertebrae
tight piriformis muscle
S/S
Acute or chronic
Sharp shooting pain that follows the nerve pathway
Straight leg raise increases pain TX
Rest, traction (if necessary), stretching, NSAIDS

12. Spondylolysis MOI S/S TX Congenital degeneration of the vertebrae
Appears as a stress fx, most common in boys
S/S
Asymptomatic until hyperextension or disk herniation TX
Bracing, rest, stabilization exercises

13. Spondylolisthesis MOI S/S TX One vertebrae slipping on one below it
A complication of spondy higher in girls
S/S
hyperlordosis TX
Bracing, rest, stabilization exercises

14. Sacroiliac Pain MOI S/S TX Twisting with both feet on the ground
Falling backward, landing heavily on one leg
S/S
Point tender on SI joint
ASIS and PSIS may be asymmetrical
Straight leg raise increases pain after 45 degrees
Side bending toward the injury side increases pain TX
Modalities, brace, strengthening, stretching, PRICE