1. SOLAR SORPTION REFRIGERATORS WITH DUAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
L.L.Vasiliev
SOLAR SORPTION REFRIGERATORS WITH DUAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
Luikov Heat & Mass Transfer Institute,
Minsk, Belarus

2. INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration is critical in the food production and distribution
Developing countries extremely need for refrigeration, and air- conditioning in regions free of grid electricity
Concept of Solar-powered Refrigeration adsorption cycles (day/night)
Solar Short Time Cycles sorption machines as alternative to day/night
Concept of combined action of Physical Adsorption
and Chemical Reactions
Concept of complex compound Two Stage Resorption systems
Heat Pipes for adsorption refrigerators performance improvement
and thermal control
Adsorbed Natural Gas storage as an additional/alternative
source of energy

3. RESEARCH PURPOSES WERE TO DESIGN A REFRIGERATIR, which:
would operate without grid electricity;
consuming a cheap energy (solar energy concentrator and autonomous, low pressure
adsorbed natural gas storage system);
can be built and maintained in the country of use;
be light and portable;
be low enough in cost.

4. SOLID SORPTION REFRIGERATOR
MAIN DESIGN
HIGH TEMPERATURE PART
LOW TEMPERATURE PART
WATER
LOOP THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM
AMMONIA REFRIGERATOR

5. SOLID SORPTION REFRIGERATOR
VIEW and CHRACTERISTICS
1 – Evaporator
2 – Adsorber No.1
3 – Adsorber No.2
General view

6. SORBENT BED – “Busofit”
Dubinin-Astakhov
XBusofit -055 = 11, 7 Å
Adsorption/desorption isotherms

7. SORBENT BED – “Busofit”
Dubinin-Radushkevich
Wo=0,491 B=8,56* experiment
Full sorption capacity, kg/kg of the sorbent
Busofit
+ CaCl2
Acetone
0.61
Ammonia
0.62
0.85
Ethanol
0.6
Methanol
0.55
Adsorption isotherms

8. SORBENT BED – COMPLEX COMPAUND
“Busofit”
“Busofit” + CaCl2

9. SORBENT BED – COMPLEX COMPAUND
Diagrams of the thermodynamic equilibrium
Adsorption isotherms
CaCl2 + nNH3  CaCl2 (NH3)n + n H

10. SOLAR-GAS REFRIGERATOR
MAIN PARAMETERS
Solar-gas reactor
L = 1.2; D = 0.05 m
“Busofit” mass in the reactor
0.75 kg
CaCl2 in one reactor
0.32 kg
Ammonia mass in one reactor
0.92 kg
Water mass in one reactor
1 kg
Ammonia mass in the pulsating HP
0.05 kg
Total mass of the refrigerator
22 kg
Temperature of the hot reactor surface
120 0C
Condenser temperature
50 0C
Cabinet evaporator temperature (without heat pipes)
-18 0C
Heating capacity (W/kg sorbent)
850

11. SOLAR REFRIGERATOR
HIGH TEMPERATURE PART

12. SOLAR REFRIGERATOR LOW TEMPERATURE PART - Condenser
Element of Condenser
Heat transfer coefficient in the Condenser

13. SOLAR REFRIGERATOR LOW TEMPERATURE PART - Evaporator Evaporator design
Heat transfer coefficient in the Evaporator

14. SOLAR REFRIGERATOR LOW TEMPERATURE PART – Loop heat pipe
Loop Heat Pipe design
Temperature Deviation of 2 Loop Heat Pipes

15. LOW TEMPERATURE PART – Parameters
SOLAR REFRIGERATOR
LOW TEMPERATURE PART – Parameters
Adsorber dimensions, m
L = 1.2 ;D = 0.05
“Busofit” mass
0.75 kg
Ammonia mass
0.3 kg
Thermpsyphon water mass
0.6 kg
Refrigerator cabinet volume
0.2 m3
Cabinet Temperature
0 0C – 10 0C
Ammonia mass in HP
0.05 kg
Cold output (cabinet) W
Clapeyron diagram for the complex compound“Busofit” + CaCl2 and ammonia in the refrigeration cycle
Heat output (condenser) W
HP surface inside the cabinet
1.2 m2
The time of the cycle
15 min

16. CONCLUSIONS
A solar gas/electrical solid sorption refrigerator with m2 collection surfaces was designed and studied.
The ratio between solar energy and gas, or electrical energy supply is automatically maintained on the level of 1 kW.
The COPR of the refrigerator is near 0.44.
The combination an active carbon fiber “Busofit” + chemicals in one reactor with the porous condenser/evaporator is very promising for the designing of the portable and light autonomous cooler for ground, space and hazardous applications.