1. Welcome to the 7th Grade Science Exam Review

2. CELLS I can describe the function of a cell as a whole.
I can identify and give the function of the organelles (structures in the cytoplasm) of both a plant and an animal cell.
I can give the differences between a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell.
I can explain the main differences between plant and animal cells.
I can explain that cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up larger organisms.
I can explain that all living things are made of one or more cells and that there are different types of cells.

3. Animal Cell Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosome
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies

4. Plant Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Mitochondria Vacuole
Golgi Bodies
Chloroplast

5. Cell Theory Cells are the basic unit of life
All living things are made of cells
Cells come from other cells

6. Cells are… Definition: The basic unit of life
Cells produce tissues  Tissues produce organs  Organs produce organ systems  Organs systems produce organisms

7. What is the difference between a single cell and cells working together?
Cell Specialization by Brainpop
Single Cells do everything by themselves;
Cells in tissues and organs divide up the work!

8. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic Cells: Have a TRUE NUCLEUS and DNA
Example: all cells in your body
Prokaryotic Cells: NO NUCLEUS
Example: Bacteria

9. Gel-like material inside cells
FUNCTION:
Gel-like material inside cells
CELL PART:
CYTOPLASM

10. “GATE KEEPER”—Controls what goes in and out
FUNCTION:
“GATE KEEPER”—Controls what goes in and out
CELL PART:
CELL MEMBRANE

11. Directs all cell activities
FUNCTION:
Directs all cell activities
CELL PART:
NUCLEUS
With the electron microscope

12. Pathway for moving materials through cell
FUNCTION:
Pathway for moving materials through cell
(the “express-way”)
CELL PART:
Endoplasmic
Reticulum or ER

13. FUNCTION: CELL PART: Make protein! RIBOSOMES
Under the electron microscope:
A simple diagram
Under the electron microscope:

14. Releases energy in the cell; the “powerhouse”
FUNCTION:
Releases energy in the cell; the “powerhouse”
CELL PART:
MITOCHONDRIA
Under the electron microscope:

15. Converts sunlight into cell energy
FUNCTION:
Converts sunlight into cell energy
(Found in plants ONLY!)
CELL PART:
CHLOROPLAST
Under the microscope

16. The outer structure in plant cells; made of cellulose
FUNCTION:
The outer structure in plant cells; made of cellulose
CELL PART:
CELL WALL
Under the microscope

17. Store water, food, and waste products;
FUNCTION:
Store water, food, and waste products;
Very large in plant cells, small in animal cells
CELL PART:
VACUOLES
Under the microscope

18. Nicknamed “UPS”—Packages & secrete substances made inside the cell
FUNCTION:
Nicknamed “UPS”—Packages & secrete substances made inside the cell
CELL PART:
GOLGI BODIES
Under the microscope

19. FUNCTION: CELL PART: Digests cell wastes LYSOSOMES “garbage disposal”
Under the microscope

20. What are the two parts that plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
Cell Walls
Chloroplasts

21. Animal and Plant Cells

22. Cellular Respiration (breaking down food)
We need Oxygen and sugar (glucose) to get energy for our cells to do things.
As a byproduct, CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water) are given off.
We breathe in O2, breathe out CO2

23. Cellular Respiration (breaking down food)
glucose/sugar ATP Reactants Products (what goes in) (What comes out) Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria.
H20 + CO2+ E
O2 + C6H12O6

24. Photosynthesis
Plants can make their own food using sunlight as energy.
What organelle do plants use to do this?
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll
It’s what makes plants GREEN

25. Photosynthesis
Plants absorb water through their roots & CO2 through their leaves. Plants use sunlight to power this transformation into food. Plants store their food in the form of sugars (glucose).

26. Photosynthesis H20 + CO2+ E O2 + C6H12O6
glucose/sugar Reactants Products (what goes in) (What comes out)
H20 + CO2+ E
O2 + C6H12O6

27. Photosynthesis As a byproduct, plants give off Oxygen
We consume/eat plants and need oxygen they make. We are called CONSUMERS.
This why plants and all photosynthetic organisms are called PRODUCERS.

28. Osmosis and Diffusion
What does “concentration” mean? For example: the concentration of salt in sea water. Concentration means: The number of “particles” in a given space. Which is more concentrated? OR

29. Diffusion
Diffusion is the natural movement of any molecule from high concentration (where there’s lots of them) to low concentration (where there’s not as much) until they are equally spread out.

31. Osmosis
Diffusion of water from high to low concentration

32. Osmosis

33. Why is this important to cells?
Diffusion and Osmosis is how things like oxygen, food, and water get transported into and out of cells.

34. Diffusion is a slow process because it relies on the random movement of atoms and molecules.

35. Egg Lab: Background
Hypotonic: it causes it to swells up (think Hypo = Hippo)
Hypertonic: it causes it to shrivel up (Think hyper skinny kid)