1. Top 20 largest R&D spenders
Rank 2016
Rank 2015
Change
Company
Geography
Industry
R&D spending (US$ Billions)
Revenue (US$ Billions)
R&D intensity 1 NA
Volkswagen AG
Europe
Auto
13.2
236.9
5.6% 2
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
South Korea
Computing and Electronics
12.7
177.5
7.2% 3 7 +4
Amazon.com Inc
North America
Software and Internet
12.5
107.0
11.7% 4 6 +2
Alphabet Inc
12.3
75.0
16.4% 5 -2
Intel Corp
12.1
55.4
21.9%
Microsoft Corp
12.0
93.6
12.9%
Roche Holding AG
Healthcare
10.0
50.1
19.9% 8 9 +1
Novartis AG
9.5
49.4
19.2% 10
Johnson & Johnson
9.0
70.1
Toyota Motor Corp
Japan
8.8
236.8
3.7% 11 18 +7
Apple Inc
8.1
233.7
3.5% 12 -1
Pfizer Inc
7.7
48.9
15.7% 13
General Motors Co
7.5
152.4
4.9% 14
Merck & Co Inc
6.7
39.5
17.0% 15
Ford Motor Co
149.6
4.5% 16 -4
Daimler AG
6.6
166.0
4.0% 17
Cisco Systems Inc
6.2
49.2
12.6% 20
AstraZeneca PLC
6.0
24.7
24.3% 19 32
+13
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co
5.9
16.6
35.7% 22
Oracle Corp
5.8
37.0
15.6%
Total
179.4
2069.0
8.7%
NEW
NEW
Source: 2016 Global Innovation 1000 study
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