1. Load Management Applied to Intelligent Automation of Refrigerators
Lucca Zamboni - EDP Bandeirante
Thiago Lemme Lafalce - EDP Bandeirante
Germano Lambert-Torres – Dinkart Sistemas
Carlos Henrique Valério de Moraes - UNIFEI
Fernando Moana - Enerfocus
Jônatas Duarte Lima - Enerfocus

2. Agenda Introduction Smart Grids and Smart Cities in Brazil
Discussions about the Smart-Grid Concept
Overview of the Problem
The New Control System
Conclusions

3. Introduction Generation Transmission Distribution Multiple Companies
Before:
Deregulation
Process
After:
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
Single Company
Trading
Automation
Communication
Internet 
And more:

4. Introduction In Brazil:
The Brazilian operation philosophy
by induction using tariffs or by subliminal automation
The proposed system is installed in refrigerators to reduce the energy consumption during the peak-load period of the power distribution company

5. Smart Grids and Smart Cities in Brazil
Bandeirante
Bandeirante Smart City
Smart-grid pilot project: Aparecida
Features: electric mobility, distributed generation, efficient public lighting, energy efficiency, smart metering, and network automation
Smart metering: Ecil, 13,500 customers
Started in December 2012.

6. Smart Grids and Smart Cities in Brazil
Other examples:
CEMIG
Sete Lagoas City
8,000 intelligent meters
substation automation
management and integration of distributed generation
Eletropaulo
Barueri City
dense market, with critical loads and a high degree of demand
51,490 clients

7. Discussions about the Smart-Grid Concept
Concepts of “smart” and “intelligent”
For example:
Portuguese: “redes inteligentes”
Spanish: “redes inteligentes”
French: “réseaux intelligents”
The translation of “smart” to “intelligent” and not for “clever” has caused some problems of misunderstanding.

8. Overview of the Problem
Typical Residential Daily Load Curve
Highlight Areas:
● Valley before the peak-load
● Peak-load
Problem: Transfer some load from the peak-load region to the valley region before the peak-load.
Our case: white-line devices (refrigerators and freezers)

9. Overview of the Problem
Problem: Transfer some load from the peak-load region
to the valley region before the peak-load.
Our case: white-line devices (refrigerators and freezers)
Solution: to know the consumer habits
when he/she opens the refrigerator door
(number of times and opening time)
Internal temperature
increases
Refrigerator compressor
starts
Open the
door

10. Overview of the Problem
Types of Refrigerators
Electronic control
Thermal control

11. New Control System Main circuit of the compressor control
New strategy of the
peak-load control system

12. New Control System
1) When the refrigerator leaves the Freeze state and the hour-time is in peak-load.  The system goes to the Inactive state. The control key opens and begins to count a time equal to 200% of the normal period switched off. 2) After this time, the system leaves the Inactive state for the Retrieve state.  The control key closes and begins to count 40 min. 3) After this time, does the peak-load period remain?  If yes: The system goes to the Inactive state. The control key opens and begins to count a time equal to 200% of the normal period switched off. If no: The system key is still closed and the refrigerator is going to Freezer state, continuing the normal cycle.

13. New Control System

14. New Control System
Reduction: around 25%

15. Conclusion Change of technology New control strategy and board
180 new refrigerators
New tests on replaced refrigerators