1. Immunology KNH 413 Immune depressed, autoimmune, transplants
RA, Celiac, T1D

2. Immunity Body’s ability to recognize material as foreign and to
neutralize, eliminate, and/or metabolize it
Symptoms from an infectious disease
Gender specific, age related, nutrition status, hormones, stress

3. The number one barrier is skin, then lining of gut and respiratory system, tears, urine, saliva, pH of stomach, low level fevers

4. Antigens and Immunogens
Antigen characteristics
Proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids
Of sufficient size
Structural stability
Degradable
Complex
Foreign to the organism (immunogenic- a specific type of antigen- allergen, protein)

5. Immune System Functions: 4 basic requirements: Recognizes then reacts
Defense- via cells
Homeostasis
Surveillance- section off the concern
4 basic requirements:
Specificity
Diversity
Adaptivity
Ability to respond to new stimuli
Recognizes then reacts
Recognize the infection, eliminate the infection, control/regulate, create a memory to fight off next time

6. 3 to 1 WBC to RBC

7. © 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

9. WBC tissues (phagocyte cells)- these destroy foreign antigens
© 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

10. Cells of the Immune System
Other cells
Mast cells
Mucosal surfaces, blood vessels
Dendritic cells
Lymph nodes, overall immune system
Langerhans cells
Skin

11. Bone marrow, thymes- primary
Lymph system- secondary

12. Cell movement and how the body can function to try and rid itself from different invasions

13. Antigen Recognition
Antibodies – assist in destruction or neutralization of the antigen
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
IgG- most abundant, second antibody made during infection
IgA- stopping infectious organism during infection
IgM- serum, large size, first antibody found in new infection, second line of defense
IgD- on the surface of beta cells
IgE- allergy to foods and respiratory allergens
Allergies

14. Immune Response Modes of Attack
Phagocytosis- site of infection (mouth, lactose)
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity (toxic cells, antigen)
Antibodies (IgE for food allergies)
Inflammation (responding vascular tissues, rid itself, the reaction)

15. Plasma derived proteins, work against the foreign body
© 2007 Thomson - Wadsworth

16. Altered and Foreign cells
Transplant Rejection
Host versus graft (HVG)
First set rejection – days
Second set rejection – months to years
Graft versus host (GVH)- monitoring them closely, 24 hour recall
Matching of MHC antigens is critical
Immunosuppression required (drugs)- don’t feel up to eating, multiple small feedings, diabetes, high blood pressure
Unique challenges based on organ

17. Immunodeficiency- HIV/AIDS
Most caused by malnutrition or genetics
Malnutrition – d/t lack of access and dietary choice
Affects through the life span- pregnancy, injury
Critical nutrients
Vitamins A, C, B6, E, essential fatty acids, beta-carotene, manganese, selenium, zinc, copper, iron, sulfur, germanium (burn victims)

18. Immunodeficiency Most caused by malnutrition or genetics
Congenital/inherited
Males more likely - X recessive
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
IgA deficiency most common
DiGeorge syndrome
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome- eczema
Bare lymphocyte syndrome
SCIDs – “bubble boy”, no immune system

19. Immunodeficiency Acquired Immunodeficiencies- final AIDS
From cancer treatment
HIV
From burns
From IBD

20. Immune System Attack Type I / IgE Food allergies - 1-2% of adults
Many confuse allergy with intolerance
Allergy – immune response
Histamines in cheese, wine, some fish may cause intolerances
Lactose intolerance is most common
Also yellow dye no. 5, MSG, sulfites

21. Immune System Attack Common food allergens Peanuts, tree nuts
Shellfish
Fish
Food additives
Milk
Soy
Egg
Wheat

22. Immune System Attack
Asthma – chronic airway inflammation and excessive airway sensitivity to various triggers
Genetic, environmental, lifestyle
Symptoms may be intermittent, although constant inflammation present
Wheezing, cough, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, sputum production

23. Autoimmunity Adaptive response against self
5-7% of adults, older, female
Testosterone, estrogen
Pathogenic immune cells cross-react with human cells
Autoantibodies produce lesions