1. C++

2. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

3. Session Objectives Introduction to Objects Define Class & Objects
Characteristics of OOPS
History of C++
Difference Between C & C++
C++ Programming Structure

4. All around us in the real world are objects.
Each object has certain characteristics and exhibits certain behaviour

5. Object Oriented Programming
Based On OOP's Concept
Object Oriented Programming

6. OBJECT
Data
Color : Black
Year : 2008
Actions
Start
Stop
Accelerate

7. The Object-Oriented Approach - III
Sales
Accounts
Personnel
The real world around is full of objects .We can consider both living beings as well as things as objects.For example,the different departments in a company are objects.

8. Why OOP’s Concept are Used?
The drawbacks of Traditional Programming approach are
Unmanageable Programs
Code Reusability not Optimum
Problems in Modification of Data
Difficulty in Implementation

9. Object – Oriented Programming
Here the application has to implement the entities as they are seen in real life and associate actions and attributes with each.
Accounts
Data
Employee details
Salary statements
Bills
Vouchers
Reciepts
Functions
Calculate salary
Pay salary
Pay bills
Tally accounts
Transact with banks

10. Benefits of Object Oriented Programming approach are -
OOP offers better implementation
OOP offers better data security
OOP offers better code reusability
OOP offers more flexibility
OOP offers better manageable programs
Large complexity in the software development
can be easily managed
User defined datatypes can be easily constructed

11. Object Oriented Approach
Problem Identification
Analysis
Maintenance
Design
Implementation
Development
Testing

12. APPLICATIONS OF OOP's Data acquisition Systems Client/Server Computing
Object –Oriented Database applications
Artificial Intelligence and expert systems
systems such as process control, temperature control etc.
GUI based system such as Windows Applications
Computer Aided Design and manufacturing Systems

13. Characteristics of Oops
Encapsulation
Data Abstraction
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Class

14. Encapsulation
Grouping of data and methods into a single entity is known as Data Encapsulation
It is a technical name for information hiding. (i.e data hiding or data security)

15. Encapsulation Class Private Not accessible from outside class
Public

16. Abstraction
Data abstraction enhances security as use of data is restricted to certain functions only.
Abstraction is more used where you want only a certain number of functions/methods are accessing data.

17. For Example Class Attributes Methods
Data abstraction is a process of identifying properties and methods related much to a particular entity as relevant to the application
Class
Attributes
Methods

18. It is the process of creating a new class from an existing class
Inheritance
It is the process of creating a new class from an existing class

19. Reusability can be achieved through inheritance
Animals
Insects
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
Humans
Non-Humans

20. Reusability Programs can be broken into reusable objects Shape
Existing classes can be used with additional features
Shape

21. Benefits of Inheritance
Software Reuse
Code Sharing
Improved Reliability
Rapid Prototyping

22. Polymorphism
polymorphism allows a programmer to purse a course of action by sending a message to an object without concerning about how the software system is to implement the action
Simply defined as “Same thing can behave different ones”

23. Class - Artiste Dancer Poet Sculptor
Class : Shape
Methods :
Draw
Move
Initialize
Subclasses

24. Classes
A class is what defines all the data members and the methods that an object should have.
The class defines the characteristics that the object will possess; it could also be referred to as a blueprint of the object.

25. Properties Vertices Border Color Fill Color Methods Draw Erase Move
For Example
Polygon objects
Polygon class
Properties Vertices Border Color Fill Color
Abstract
Methods Draw Erase Move
into

26. CLASS +
DATA
FUNCTION
Simply defined as a structure that combines the objects with some attributes (data structure) and some behavior (operation)

27. Access Specifiers of a Class
Not accessible from outside the class
Private
Data or functions
Public
Accessible from outside the class
Data or functions

28. To access the member data and member function defined inside the class
C++ OBJECT
To access the member data and member function defined inside the class

29. Object Oriented Languages
Some of the leading object oriented languages are:
C++
Smalltalk
Eiffel
CLOS
Java

30. HISTORY OF C++
Author of C++ is Bjarne stroustrup He invented this language in 1980's at AT&T Bell Laboratories All the C programs can be run successfully using C++ compiler

31. ORIGIN OF C++
C++ was designed using two languages such as “C” Language which gives the low-level feature and “Simula67” provides the class concept.

32. DIFFRERENCE BETWEEN C & C++
C Language
C++ Language
Procedural Programming Language
Object Oriented Programming Language
Headerfile : #include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
“\n” is used to go to the next line
we can use endl statement
Function prototypes are optional
All Functions must be protyped
Local variables declared only the start of a C program
It can be declared anywhere in a program, before they are used
Return type for a function is optional
Return type must be specified
Do not permit data Hiding
They permit data hiding
Bydefault structure members are public
class members are private
We can call a main() function within a program
This is not allowed

33. Summary Each class specification starts with the keyword “class”
The Class Specification must always end with a semicolon (;)
Data abstraction is the ability to create user-defined data types for modeling real world objects using built-in data types.
Classes are used for data abstraction by hiding the implementation of a type in the “private” part.
Polymorphism in Greek word means “Many Forms”

34. Summary
A class is an enhanced structure that provides Object-Oriented Features of C++
An object is an instance of a class which combines both data and functions together.
Encapsulation is the process of combining member functions and the data it manipulates and keeps them safe from outside interferrence
The three access specifiers in a class are private,public,protected
By default all members declared inside a class are private to that class
C++ provides two pre-defined objects cin and cout for handling input and output

35. EXERCISES Describe the Basic concepts of OOPS?
List the various applications of Object oriented Programming?
Explain briefly Classes & Objects?
State the use of #include directive in C++?
List the various benefits of Object Oriented Programming?