1. Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic
ROCKS!!!
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic

2. WHAT IS A ROCK??
Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally

3. There are 3 types of ROCKS
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

4. The Rock Cycle

5. Cycle -- continuous changes that repeat Rock Cycle – a cycle of minerals and rocks change into other minerals/rocks

6. Sedimentary Rocks
Remember…
COMPACTING and CEMENTING!

7. FORMATION
Weathering
Breaks down rocks into sediments (small pieces)

8. FORMATION Physical Weathering: Chemical Weathering
Sleet, freezing rain
Ice wedging
Abrasion (example – sand storm)
Tree roots
Chemical Weathering
Oxidation (causes rust in rocks that have iron in them)
Acid rain

9. FORMATION
Sediment -- Small pieces of minerals or organic matter (decayed dead organisms)

10. FORMATION
Erosion
Moves sediments from one place to another

11. FORMATION
Deposition-Sediments carried by erosion are dropped or deposited

12. FORMATION Compaction – Squeezes sediments together
Cementation – Dissolved minerals fill the spaces between sediments.

13. Sedimentary Rocks: Rock formed by compacting & cementing sediments.

14. CLASSIFICATION
Sedimentary rocks are classified by size of particles!!!
Clastic-Weathered pieces of sediments are compacted together

15. CLASSIFICATION Biochemical or Chemical Water dissolves or evaporates
Minerals or organic matter become cemented together!
Limestone
Halite
Coal
Gypsum

16. Special Features Fossils Horizontal Layers Plants and animals
Mud cracks, footprints

17. CLASTIC ROCKS
Breccia
Conglomerate

18. Sandstone Siltstone
cm –0.0004cm

19. CHEMICAL ROCKS
Rock Gypsum
Rock Salt

20. CHEMICAL ROCKS
Dolostone

21. BIOCHEMICAL ROCKS
Coal
Limestone

23. FOSSILS

27. NYS Fossil- Eurypterid

28. Sedimentary Rocks in NYS
Letchworth State Park
Sandstone, Limestone, Shale

29. Watkins Glen
Taughannock Falls
Sandstone

30. Thatcher Park-Shale

31. Igneous Rocks “Fire Rocks”
Remember…MELTED ROCK COOLING and HARDENING!

32. FORMATION
Molten rock (hot, liquid rock) cools and hardens (crystallizes)
Magma—Molten rock underground
Lava—Molten rock outside the earth’s surface

33. FORMATION
Intrusive – magma cools beneath Earth’s surface.

34. FORMATION
Extrusive – lava cools on the Earth’s surface.

35. Texture
Texture: The longer the cooling time, the larger the crystal size.
Very coarse grained – very large crystals, cooled slowly
Coarse grained-large crystals, cooled slowly
Fine grained-small crystals, cooled quickly
Glassy-very small crystals, cooled rapidly
“If it cools slow, crystals will grow. If it cools fast, crystals won’t last. If it forms rapidly, no crystals for me.”

36. Texture
“If it cools slow, crystals will grow. If it cools fast, crystals won’t last. If it forms rapidly, no crystals for me.”

37. Texture
fine
coarse
Cooled QUICKLY
Cooled SLOWLY

38. Texture
Glassy
Glassy
Cooled RAPIDLY

39. Composition
Porphyritic - large crystals surrounded by fine-grained material.

40. Composition
Granite
light-colored.

41. Composition
Basalt
dark in color

42. Composition
Andesite-in between granite and basalt

45. Metamorphic Rocks
Remember…HEAT and/or PRESSURE!

46. Metamorphic Rocks
Pre-existing rock that has been changed by increased heat and/or pressure.

47. Formation - Formed by increased heat and pressure.
Contact Metamorphism
Regional metamorphism
Plates collide, mountain building
Hot magma
moves into rock

48. Agents of Metamorphism
Heat
Pressure
Pressure increases as you move deeper
Increased pressure - minerals become more compressed and more dense
Minerals may re-crystallize.
New minerals may form
Heat increases as you move deeper

49. Classified by Texture Foliated
“banding” caused by mineral realignment when crystallizing.

50. EXAMPLES OF FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS
SLATE
PHYLLITE

51. EXAMPLES OF FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS
SCHIST
GNEISS

52. Classified by Texture Non-Foliated No banding – one mineral present
Ex. Marble,
quartzite

53. EXAMPLES OF NONFOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS
ANTHRACITE COAL
HORNFELS

54. EXAMPLES OF NONFOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS
quartzite
marble

55. EXAMPLES OF NONFOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Metaconglomerate