1. The Endocrine System: Anatomy and Physiology
Made up of glands located throughout body
Remove, concentrate, or alter materials from blood
Secrete them back into body

2. The Endocrine System: Anatomy and Physiology
Glands secrete proteins called hormones.
Regulate mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, sexual development
Steroid hormone diffuses through cell membrane
Non steroidal hormone binds to receptors in cell membrane

3. The Endocrine System: Anatomy and Physiology
Prostaglandins are lipids that stimulate hormone secretion.
Hormones increase or decrease the rate of cellular metabolism.
Agonists trigger a cell to produce an action.
Antagonists block the action of agonists.

4. The Pituitary Gland and the Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland is the “master gland”
Its secretions control those of other endocrine glands.
Hypothalamus regulates function of the pituitary gland

5. The Pituitary Gland and the Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland is divided
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary

6. The Pituitary Gland and the Hypothalamus

7. The Thyroid Gland Large gland at base of neck Parathyroid glands
Manufactures and secretes hormones that have role in growth, development, metabolism
Secretes calcitonin
Maintains calcium and potassium levels in blood
Parathyroid glands
Secrete parathyroid hormone (opposite effect of calcitonin)

8. The Pancreas Produces insulin and glucagon
Insulin causes uptake and metabolism of sugar, fatty acids, amino acids
Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
Also stimulates liver and kidneys to produce glucose

9. The Pancreas Conditions in which this system may fail:
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
Diabetes mellitus

10. The Adrenal Glands Located on top of each kidney Secrete: Sex hormones
Hormones vital in maintaining water and salt balance
Adrenaline
Epinephrine and norepinephrine

11. The Adrenal Glands Adrenal cortex produces corticosteroid hormones
Cortisol helps balance blood glucose.
Adrenal medulla produces catecholamines
Hormones that increase heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure

12. The Adrenal Glands Diseases of the adrenal cortex include:
Addison’s disease
Cells of the adrenal cortex are recognized as foreign and are then destroyed.
Cushing’s syndrome
Generally results from pharmacologic doses of cortisone