1. What are we going to do today?
What are the “middle ages”?
What was life like?
What caused it to end?

2. Transition to the Renaissance

3. Characteristics of Medieval Europe
Pagan Religions
Small Kingdoms
Rural Population

4. What is the Feudal system???
Ruler of a small kingdom, the king is usually the strongest or wealthiest lord
King
Lord
Peasant
Peasants
These are “vassals” of the king. They give up some of their power in exchange for the king’s protection
Peasants are obedient to their lord. They work on his lands and pay taxes, and in exchange he gives them protection

5. Factors Affecting Medieval Europe
Mongols
Conquests of Genghis Khan
Marco Polo
Crusades
Contact with Arabs
Contact with Eastern Europe
Trade
Goods from Asia
Goods from Middle East
Factors Affecting Medieval Europe

6. The Mongols…
* Makes trade along the Silk Road safer, which means more awesome goods go West. Europe starts to see what it’s been missing

7. The Crusades…
*shows the Western world how far behind they are in technology, medicine, weaponry…pretty much everything

8. Trade… As Europeans have more contact with foreign people…
They have more contact with foreign stuff…
Europeans develop a strong desire for foreign goods like…
Silk, Cotton, Spices, Porcelain, Persian rugs

9. Changes to Western Europe…
Life During the Middle Ages
Life During the Renaissance
Rural society
Agricultural society
Feudal society
Small towns & villages
SOCIETY
Shift to urban society
Shift to manufacturing society
Shift to worker society
Shift to larger cities
Held by land-owning nobles
Regional power
Feudal system
POWER
Held by wealthy people
Centralized power
Determined by birth
STATUS
Determined by wealth and ability

10. Why did the Feudal system end???
Black Plague
100 Years War
End of the Feudal System

11. End of the Feudal System…
Black Death kills 1/3 of Europe’s population & weakens power of the church
Peasants revolt and demand more freedom
100 Years War allows monarchs to build huge armies and reduce power of nobles
People move to cities to earn better wages
Status began to be determined by wealth and ability, not birthright

12. The Black Plague… Came out of Mongolia Carried by the Mongol army
Disease traveled in the fleas on
the Mongols’ horses…and themselves!
How did people fight it?

13. The Black Plague…
Caught by Italian merchants…who fled back to Italy trying to avoid the disease, and ended up spreading it throughout Europe

14. How did people fight it???

15. The Black Plague…

16. The Black Plague…
Carried along the Silk Road to the Middle East by merchants and travelers

18. The Black Plague… Impact on Europe: Loss of population
1/3 of Europeans die
25 to 50 million….about 8 million per year
Which social class was hit hardest?
Loss of faith in the church…why?
Loss of faith in feudal lords…why?

19. End of the Feudal System…
Black Death kills 1/3 of Europe’s population & weakens power of the church
Peasants revolt and demand more freedom
100 Years War allows monarchs to build huge armies and reduce power of nobles
People move to cities to earn better wages
Status began to be determined by wealth and ability, not birthright

20. 100 Years War… Fought between France & England
Fought over who will be King of France
Lasts for 116 years
New technologies
Long bow (funny story about that…)
Firearms (no funny story)
Joan of Arc
End of
Feudalism…why?

21. She’s a witch!!

22. End of the Feudal System…
Black Death kills 1/3 of Europe’s population & weakens power of the church
Peasants revolt and demand more freedom
100 Years War allows monarchs to build huge armies and reduce power of nobles
People move to cities to earn better wages
Status began to be determined by wealth and ability, not birthright

23. Rise of the Renaissance…
Scholars and artists look to ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration and new ideas
Medici family of Florence used profits to promote art and learning
Crusades make Europeans eager to learn about the outside world
Italian cities make trading connections with the Middle East…become rich and powerful
Middle class merchants develop the idea of banking and insurance…gain control of huge sums of money

24. The Renaissance… Renaissance means “rebirth”
Rebirth of “classical art and learning”
Classical civilizations refer to Greece and Rome
Society becomes more secular
Secular = worldy -- Non-secular = religious
Development of “humanism”
Belief in human potential
Idea of a “renaissance man”

25. Rise of the Renaissance…
Scholars and artists look to ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration and new ideas
Medici family of Florence used profits to promote art and learning
Crusades make Europeans eager to learn about the outside world
Italian cities make trading connections with the Middle East…become rich and powerful
Middle class merchants develop the idea of banking and insurance…gain control of huge sums of money

26. MERCHANTS Wealthy/powerful social class, dominated politics
Wealth based on success of their business
Felt they deserved power based on achievements
Florence, Italy ruled by MEDICI family (trade/banking merchants) for 30 years
Lorenzo the Magnificent: major PATRON (supporter) of the arts

27. NEW ARTISTIC TECHNIQUES
Renaissance is bringing back classical art & literature from Greek & Roman times
In Italy, now painting/sculpting SECULAR arts, NOT RELIGIOUS arts  more realistic people in classical settings

28. PERSPECTIVE
3 Dimensional
Distant objects are smaller

29. SHADING
Helps objects to look more realistic; 3-D look VS

30. SCULPTURES Study of human anatomy to paint and sculpt better
More natural postures and expressions

31. NINJA TURTLES: LEONARDO
LEONARDO DA VINCI: painter, sculptor, inventor, & scientist  a true “Renaissance Man”
Mona Lisa
The Last Supper

32. NINJA TURTLES: MICHELANGELO
MICHELANGELO: sculptor and painter
Sistine Chapel
Statue of David

33. NINJA TURTLES: DONATELLO
DONATELLO: sculptor and painter;
Revealed personality in his art
One of the first to do a nude statue
First bronze statue of St. Louis of Toulouse

34. NINJA TURTLES: RAPHAEL
RAPHAEL studied from Michelangelo and Leonardo; painter
Madonna and Child
School of Athens

35. RENAISSANCE WRITERS, PART II
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
Greatest playwright of all time: sonnets, plays, essays
Romeo and Juliet
Hamlet
Othello
Macbeth
Midsummer Night’s Dream
Julius Caesar
King Lear

36. RENAISSANCE WRITERS ERASMUS: The Praise of Folly – said to
improve society, all should
study Bible
MORE:
Utopia – imaginary land inhabited by peaceful people; no use for money; means “no place”, but in English means “ideal place”

37. PRINTING SPREADS RENAISSANCE IDEAS
Chinese 1st invent block printing
JOHANN GUTENBERG: reinvents moveable type & comes up with printing press
Gutenberg Bible: first full size book printed
Came in English, French, and German  VERNACULAR (own language) increased
Can produce 100’s of copies
Encouraged people to learn to read!  RISE IN LITERACY & IDEAS SPREAD FASTER

38. And the winner is…(LP) 1st, 2nd, & 3rd place: Most influential people/animals/events/inventions…and explain WHY!!
I’m in 3rd place because I helped to create the Renaissance by carrying this armful of papers….
2nd
1st
3rd