1. Basic Elements of Speech-making

2. The Five Canons of Rhetoric

3. The Five Canons of Rhetoric (aka Steps in the Process)

4. The Five Canons of Rhetoric (aka Steps in the Process)
Invention
Arrangement
Style
Memory
Delivery

5. The Five Canons of Rhetoric (aka Steps in the Process)
Invention: Finding things to say
Arrangement: Organizing the writing
Style: Making it beautiful with artful language
Memory: Rehearsing and preparing for spontaneity and responsibility
Delivery: Using the voice and body in the moment

6. Invention: Finding things to say

7. Invention: Finding things to Say

8. Invention: Finding things to Say
Specific purpose: What you hope to accomplish in the speech for the audience.

9. Invention: Finding things to Say
Specific purpose: What you hope to accomplish in the speech for the audience. Example: To persuade my audience to learn to play a musical instrument.

10. Invention: Finding things to Say
Brain storm: To persuade my audience to learn to play a musical instrument.

11. Invention: Finding things to Say
Brain storm: To persuade my audience to learn to play a musical instrument. Fun, social interactions, relaxation, discipline, helps improve memory and attention, joy of learning, learn about art, learn about history, potentially career opportunities, overcome stage fright, physical rehab from injuries, alternative to other less productive habits

12. Invention: Finding things to Say
Organize your initial inventions into categories which can form main points/arguments

13. Invention: Finding things to Say
Organize your initial inventions into categories which can form main points/arguments:
Cognitive benefits
Emotional benefits
Social benefits

14. Invention: Finding things to Say
Produce a thesis or central idea by summarizing the main points:

15. Invention: Finding things to Say
Produce a thesis or central idea by summarizing the main points: Central idea: You should consider learning a musical instrument because of the cognitive, emotional, and social benefits.

16. Invention: Finding things to Say
Next, divide that central idea into its component parts (your main points) and develop each in its own section.

17. Arrangement

18. Arrangement
Make sure each main point is well developed (with its own introduction, development, and conclusion)

19. Arrangement
Make sure each main point is well developed (with its own introduction, development, and conclusion)
Main points should be distinct, comprehensive, and they should “add up to” the thesis.

20. Arrangement
Make sure each main point is well developed (with its own introduction, development, and conclusion)
Main points should be distinct, comprehensive, and they should “add up to” the thesis.
Link your points with transitions that summarize and preview: (“Now that I’ve told you about X, next I will tell you about Y.)

21. Arrangement
Introductions need:

22. Arrangement
Introductions need: 1. Grab the attention from the first line

23. Arrangement Introductions need: Grab the attention from the first line
Reveal the topic in a line or two

24. Arrangement Introductions need: Grab the attention from the first line
Reveal the topic in a line or two
Establish your credibility

25. Arrangement Introductions need: Grab the attention from the first line
Reveal the topic in a line or two
Establish your credibility
Culminate in your thesis

26. Arrangement
Conclusions need:

27. Arrangement
Conclusions need:
Signal the end of the speech has arrived

28. Arrangement Conclusions need: Signal the end of the speech has arrived
Summarize and reiterate the main ideas

29. Arrangement Conclusions need: Signal the end of the speech has arrived
Summarize and reiterate the main ideas
Amplify the significance of the speech for this audience in this time and place.

30. Arrangement Conclusions need: Signal the end of the speech has arrived
Summarize and reiterate the main ideas
Amplify the significance of the speech for this audience in this time and place.
End with a meaningful last line.

31. Style

32. Style
Aristotle argues that the two most important stylistic virtues in public speaking are clarity and appropriateness.

33. Style
Aristotle argues that the two most important stylistic virtues in public speaking are clarity and appropriateness.
Write for the ear…not the eye.

34. Style
Aristotle argues that the two most important stylistic virtues in public speaking are clarity and appropriateness.
Write for the ear…not the eye. Read your work ALOUD.

35. Memory

36. Memory
Rehearse the ideas of the speech, rather than the specific wording.

37. Memory
Rehearse the ideas of the speech, rather than the specific wording.
Time your rehearsals and find a live audience if you can

38. Memory
Rehearse the ideas of the speech, rather than the specific wording.
Time your rehearsals and find a live audience if you can
Rehearse success (don’t rehearse failure…)

39. Delivery

40. Delivery

41. Delivery
BREATHE

42. Delivery
Body: alert upright posture, relaxed arms and hands, meaningful gestures

43. Delivery
Body: alert upright posture, relaxed arms and hands, meaningful gestures
Voice: Appropriate rate, pitch, volume, pauses

44. Delivery
Body: alert upright posture, relaxed arms and hands, meaningful gestures
Voice: Appropriate rate, pitch, volume, pauses
Eyes: Panoramic and intimate