1. French Revolution

2. TERROR
T – The influence of the Enlightenment and American Revolution E – Estate System – 3rd Estate treated badly by 1st and 2nd R – Revolution begins – storming of the Bastille R – Reign of Terror – kills anyone against revolution O – Off with the absolute monarch’s head R – Rise of Napoleon – becomes dictator after coup d’etat

3. T – The Influence of the Enlightenment and American Revolution
American Revolution was the French’s inspiration (if they can do it, so can we!) B. Enlightenment ideas inspired the French (equality, freedom, salons)

4. E – Estate System
3rd Estate was treated unfairly by 1st and 2nd Estates

5. Old Regime I. Three Estates A. First Estate – Clergy
1% of population owned 10% of all land in France
Gave 2% ($) to government
B. Second Estate – Nobles
2% of population – own 20% of land
Paid no taxes
HATED Enlightenment
C. Third Estate – 97% of population
Divided into 3 groups

6. Third Estate 1. Bourgeoisie – Middle Class 2. Workers 3. Peasants
Loved Enlightenment
Paid high taxes – no privileges
2. Workers
Poorest group
Fought for food
3. Peasants
80% of population
50% in taxes – Hated clergy!

7. The Estate System

8. The Nobles made up a majority of the First Estate.
True
False

9. R – Revolution Begins
Many factors led to the beginning of the French Revolution
This eventually culminated in the Storming of the Bastille.

10. II. Forces of Change
A. Enlightenment and the American Revolution were the French people’s inspiration
B. HUGE debt
Heavy Taxes
Bad Weather = Crop Failure– bread price 2x
Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette’s debt
Government debt doubles mainly due to Wars

11. Which of the following contributed to the start of the French Revolution?
Financial Problems
An hostile take over by another ruler.
A monsoon killed a majority of the crops.

12. III. Louis XVI A. Ignored Advisors
B. Marie Antoinette= “Madam Deficit”
Gambled Heavily
Bought Art
Many Dresses

13. III. Louis XVI C. Solution-> Tax 2nd Estate
Forced a meeting of the Estates General- Reps from each Estate
(First meeting in 175 yrs. – Versailles)
Each Estate = One vote(1st/ 2nd estates always out voted the 3rd)

14. IV. Revolution A. New ideas from 3rd Estate
Meet together in one room
Each DELEGATE gets a vote
B. National Assembly (new name of 3rd Estate)
Locked out of Assembly(meeting hall)
Meet at a Tennis Court
Tennis Court Oath– Develop a Constitution
Louis’ guards surround Versailles for fear of an attack

15. In Review Louis XVI taxes 2nd estate to raise $
Old Regime Estates meet – 1 vote each
3rd estate doesn’t like this
Come up with the idea of 1 vote per delegate
3rd estate renames itself, National Assembly
Locked out by 1st and 2nd
Tennis Court Oath – new constitution

16. IV. Revolution
Citizens take up Arms!!!!

17. Storming of the Bastille
Symbolic event of French Revolution
July 14, 1789

18. Storming of the Bastille
When did it happen?
Why did it happen?
What did it represent?
What did it lead to?

19. Revolution Great Fear Citizens scared nobles would retaliate
Women march on Versailles b/c of high bread prices
Women demand Louis and Marie return to Paris
Louis and Marie never return to Versailles - signaled the beginning of change in power and reform in France

20. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

21. National Assembly Reforms France
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Inspired by the Declaration of Independence
“Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.” -> “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression”

22. Reform in France
Church was made to be a part of the state – Lost land and political independence
(sold land to make money to pay off France’s debt)
Many Peasants (who were part of the 3rd estate) opposed this idea

23. Louis makes a run for it!
As the National Assembly made great changes – Louis felt he and his family were in great danger – tried to run away – was caught

24. France’s New Government
Legislative Assembly created
King was basically powerless
Created laws
Declared war

25. 3 Groups in the Government
3 Groups formed within the Government
1) Radicals – sat on Left side – wanted great changes
2)Moderates – Center – wanted some changes but not as many as radicals
3) Conservatives – sat on right side – Wanted limited monarchy and few changes

26. Other Factions Emigr’es – Nobles who wanted to restore the Old Regime
Sans – Culottes – Those without knee britches – wanted greater change to gov’t than revolution brought

27. Jacobins Take Control Jacobins heavily involved in gov’t changes
Jean-Paul Marat – called for death for anyone who supported the king
Supported Poor people’s cause

28. Other Factions Emigr’es – Nobles who wanted to restore the Old Regime
Sans – Culottes – Those without knee britches – wanted greater change to gov’t than revolution brought

29. Weapon of Choice
The Guillotine became Jacobins weapon of choice to kill people

30. Terror Grips France Maximilien Robespierre – Jacobin Leader
Wanted to get rid of signs of France’s past
Created calendar – divided year into 12 months/30 days – no Sundays (to get rid of religious references that were very powerful) Close churches

31. Robespierre Reign of Terror
Robespierre ruled as a dictator as the leader of Committee of Public Safety
Tried enemies in the morning and guillotined in the afternoon

32. Robespierre His Reign of Terror resulted in the death of:
Louis XVI
Maria Antoinette
Up to 40,000 executed
85% were peasants or urban poor or middle class
Reign of Terror ended with July28, 1794 when Robespierre was guillotine
Fr. people were tired of Terror, high prices
People looked for a change – Napoleon Bonaparte