1. of the French Revolution
The Radical Stages
of the French Revolution
(1792—1794)
Declaration of Pilnitz The Girondins
National ‘Convention’ The Monarchists
“levee en masse” The Jacobins
Treason The Committee of Public Safety
The Guillotine Maximilien de Robespierre

2. The Radical Stages of the French Revolution: 1792—1794
“Aspirations to Equality”

3. The Political Spectrum
liberal
Status quo
conservative
“seeking
more change”
“keep things
the same”

4. “ Every citizen has the right to seize conspirators and counter-revolutionaries and to arraign them before magistrates. He is required to denounce them when he knows of them.”

5. The Declaration of Pilnitz, August, 1791
“His Majesty the Emperor [of Austria] and His Majesty the King of Prussia…declare that the situation in which His Majesty the King of France is in is an object of common interest to all the sovereigns of Europe. [We are therefore] resolved to act promptly in a mutual agreement with the necessary forces in order to obtain the proposed and common goal.”
The Declaration of Pilnitz, August, 1791
(An attempt by Austria and Prussia to curb
the French threat to the stability of Europe.)

6. The National ‘Convention’
Assembly becomes Convention
3 groups in it:
The Feuillants, the Girondins, and the Jacobins.

7. The Political Spectrum (…again!)
liberal
moderate
conservative
“seeking
more change”
“will accept
some change”
“keep things
the same”
The Jacobins
The Girondins
The Feuillants

8. The National ‘Convention’
Peasants—NO representation
“Levee en masse”

9. “Radicalization of the Rev.”
April, 1792—National Convention declares war on all opposed to the Revolution (monarchists)
August, 1792—Feuillants are forced out
Now a two party Convention (Girondins and Jacobins)

10. “Radicalization of the Rev.”
September, 1792—Convention declares France a Republic.
December, 1792—King Louis XVI was placed on trial for “violating the liberties of his subjects”
treason.
He is sentenced to death by beheading.

11. The Guillotine Used to behead those convicted of treason.
people were put to death this way by the end of 1799.
Often 60 people a day were guillotined in front of large crowds.
Beheading was considered the most humane method of execution.
But was it really?

12. The Execution of King Louis XVI (January 21, 1793, 10:22 am)

13. The Old Way

17. History.com: The Guillotine

18. The Reign of Terror
The King’s execution immediately sparks war in Europe.
April, 1793—Jacobins and Committee of Public Safety
Protects France from Europe.
Its leader is
Maximilien de Robespierre

19. Maximilien de Robespierre
September, 1793—Robespierre granted emergency power to The Committee to “detain those suspected as enemies (spies) of the Republic.”
people were arrested.
Those BELIEVED guilty, were executed.
By summer 1794, Robespierre’s had so much power that he was feared now by the people who did the killings.
He was executed by guillotine on July 27, 1794.

20. What happens next?
Napoleon Bonaparte