1. Chapter 7 what Are Minerals?
Lesson 1
Chapter what Are Minerals?

2. Minerals
Definition
A mineral is a natural, solid substance that has a specific chemical makeup and a repeating styructure.

3. Minerals
Every mineral can form as a crystal with a regular geometric shape.

4. Crystal Structure

5. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Color
Streak
Luster
Hardness

6. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Color
Minerals come in a rainbow of colors.
However, color alone cannot be used to identify minerals as some minerals such as quartz come in different colors.

7. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Streak
Color of powder left behind when a mineral is rubbed on an on a streak plate (unglazed tile) or a rough white tile
Streak may be the same color
as the mineral or different.

8. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Streak

9. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Luster
The way a mineral reflects light.
Many minerals have a metallic luster. Eg: gold, silver and copper
Other minerals have a non metallic luster and can be describe as dull, glassy, pearly, waxy.

10. What are 3 visible properties of minerals?

11. What are 3 visible properties of minerals?
Answer:
Color
Streak
Luster

12. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.

13. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Scientists use the Mohs scale.

14. Mohs scale

16. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Scientists use the Mohs scale.
Mohs scale rates minerals from softest (1) to hardest (10).

17. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is the measure of the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Scientists use the Mohs scale.
Mohs scale rates minerals from softest (1) to hardest (10).
Diamonds are a 10; no other minerals can scratch diamond.
Diamond is 4 times harder than corundum (9).

18. Diamond

19. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness is tested with common objects such as a finger nail, copper coin, glass, steel nail, pocket knife.
5.5 6
3.5
6.5
2.5
3.5

20. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Minerals can also be tested against each other.

21. Methods scientists use to identify minerals
Hardness
Hardness is tested with common objects such as fingernail, copper coin or wire, steel nail, and glass.
Minerals can also be tested against each other.

22. Everyday uses
Diamond is used as jewelry and to cut rocks and other very hard materials.

23. Everyday uses
Sandpaper is made from a mineral called corundum because it is very hard. (9 on Mohs)

24. Everyday uses
Graphite is very soft and is used in pencils.

25. Everyday uses
Quartz is used to make glass.

26. Everyday uses
Metals such as copper, silver, gold, and lead in their natural state are minerals.
Copper ore
Silver
Gold
Galena

27. Collector edition coins
Everyday uses
Collector edition coins
Formerly used in coins
Gold bars
Jewelry
Copper computer parts
Silver tea service

28. Everyday uses
Iron is used to make steel.
Halite is rock salt.

29. Big ideas
Minerals have visible properties such as streak, color, luster, and hardness.
Minerals have many everyday uses.
Minerals only form in nature from materials that were never alive.

30. Unique properties of minerals
Some minerals such as calcite can bend light in a certain way when light enters it so that you see a double image.

31. Unique properties of minerals
Some minerals are magnetic and can be used in compasses to guide our way.

32. Unique properties of minerals
Some minerals can glow when exposed to UV light.

33. Unique properties of minerals
Some develop an electric potential or electric charge when pressure or temperature applied to them.