1. Chapter 9
Test Review

2. Vocabulary Jim Crow laws
legislation meant to segregate blacks and whites
grandfather clause
says that if a person’s ancestors voted prior to 1866, he did not have to pass a literacy test in order to vote
poll tax
tool used to prevent African Americans from voting by charging them money
spoils system
Giving jobs to people who support a political party regardless of qualifications (led to the assassination of Garfield)

3. People
W.E.B. Du Bois
Harvard graduate who criticized Booker T. Washington’s ideas
Ida B. Wells
schoolteacher, journalist, and anti-lynching activist
Oliver H. Kelley
founder of an organization that taught farmers new farming techniques
William McKinley
Republican winner of the 1896 presidential election
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic presidential candidate who supported “free silver”

4. Groups Las Gorras Blancas
group of Mexican Americans who fought to protect land claims
Farmers’ Alliances
organizations that brought farmers together to form farm cooperatives

5. Questions
Which African American leader said that African Americans need to build their own economies and “pull themselves up by their bootstraps”?
Booker T. Washington
For what did Susan B. Anthony get arrested?
Voting in a New York election
What was Thomas Nast’s occupation?
Political cartoonist
How did the spoils system make political parties more powerful?
by filling important government positions with party supporters

6. Questions
For what did white workers accuse Chinese workers on the West Coast?
Stealing “white” jobs
Why did Republicans favor high tariffs and the gold standard?
They thought it would improve the American economy

7. Short Response
Why does Mark Twain call the economic and social conditions depicted in his novel “an entirely ideal state of society”? Use the quote below and your script to answer the question.

8. Short Response Sample
Mark Twain describes an ideal society in The Gilded Age but in reality, that type of society is only in people’s imaginations. For example, the excerpt says that “the poor are all simple-minded and contented” in the current society but, really, they are unhappy and working towards improving their lives. Groups such as the Farmer’s Alliance and labor unions represent the poor, working class and their goals are to improve income, working conditions and the overall standard of living for these people. Therefore, they are not simple nor content, which the elite of the Gilded Age pretend to believe, but instead they are tired of living poorly and unequally.