1. Drop-out in Living Lab Field Tests: A Contribution to the Definition and Taxonomy
A. Habibipour Luleå University of Technology, Sweden – Botnia Living Lab
A. Georges imec-mict-Ghent University, Belgium – imec.livinglabs
D. Schuurman imec-mict-Ghent University, Belgium – imec.livinglabs
B. Bergvall-Kåreborn Luleå University of Technology, Sweden – Botnia Living Lab

2. Problem statement of drop-out in living lab field tests
Limited knowledge on drop-out definition and types of drop-out in Living Lab field tests
Reasons why drop-out occurs within Living Lab field tests

3. Research aims and objectives
Limited knowledge on drop-out definition and types of drop-out in Living Lab field tests
Reasons why drop-out occurs within Living Lab field tests
Definition
Types
Taxonomy

4. Research design
Article 1: Literature review of 44 articles  29 items
Article 2: Three field tests in imec living lab  27 items
Article 3: One field test in Botnia living lab  15 items 
Total 71 items
Eliminating redundant items  53
Semi-structured interviews with 14 field test experts
Identify 13 additional items  66 ( )
Definition
Types
Classification of 66 items in categories 1 2
Taxonomy 3

5. Definition of drop-out in living lab field test
“A drop-out during a living lab field test is when someone who signed up to participate in the field test, does not complete all the assigned tasks within the specified deadline”

6. Types of drop-out in living lab field tests
Participant-related drop-out Participants only participate in the startup of the field test but they have not started to test that innovation
Innovation-related drop-out
Participants stop using the innovation because of motivational or technical reasons related to the innovation
Research-related drop-out
Participants stop participating in the research component of the field test, you don't get feedback anymore from them

7. Taxonomy for drop-out in Living lab field tests
Technological problems (4)
Task design (4)
Perceived usefulness (5)
Interaction (10)
Research- related
Drop- out
Innovation- related
Timing (2)
Perceived ease of use (4)
Participant- related
Participants’ attitude (10)
Personal context (1)
Participants’ resources (4)

8. Conclusion & future research
Output: Definition, types of drop-out and taxonomy
Create awareness and knowledge on drop-out
Future research
Practical guidelines for the organizers on how to reduce the drop-out in a living lab field test
Questionnaire as quantitative validation of taxonomy
How to re-engage the dropped out participants in a living lab field test?

9. Thank you