1. CH 21 American, French, Haitian Revolutions
MR Pack

2. CH 21
Enlightenment- following Renaissance/ Scientific Revolution, belief in natural laws Period referred to as “age of isms” Deism- - belief that divine force created world but does not interfere Nationalism- intense loyalty to your culture Thomas Hobbes (book Leviathon) John Locke (book Two treatises of Government) come up with idea of Social Contract- people give up rights to “absolute monarch” in exchange for law and order

3. CH 21
Locke argues natural rights “life, liberty and pursuit of property”
Locke- people born with blank slate (tabula rasa)
Mary Wollstonecraft (Vindication of the rights of women)
Montesquieu (Spirit of Laws) argues for a governmental system of checks and balances

4. Locke, Wollstonecraft, Montesquieu

5. CH 21 Voltaire (Candide) he championed civil liberties
Dierdot- collects encyclopedia
Rousseau- Social Contract, sovereign (ruler) must carry out the will of the population
Adam Smith- (The Wealth of Nations) favors capitalism and free trade (laissez faire) that governments should not regulate economy

6. CH 21
American Revolution- 1) “no taxation without representation”- colonists taxed because Britain in deb from “French and Indian War” (Tea Act, Stamp Act)
War ends in 1783 with Treaty of Paris
Americas first government- Articles of Confederation (weak central govt, no president or authority to tax)
1788- Adopted United States Constitution

7. Stamp Act, Stamp Act propaganda

8. CH 21 French Revolution
French Revolution- Popular writings emphasize liberty, equality, and fraternity France in debt- First estate (clergy) Second Estate (nobility) Third Estate ( peasants, workers, middle class [bourgeoisie] pay 98% of the tax

9. CH 21 French Revolution
King Louis XVI (rule ) – needs more taxes, calls for Estates-General to meet in First and Second Estate out votes Third Estate Third Estate calls for a “National Assembly” (one vote per member, not estate) on the tennis court (tennis court oath)- also wants to limit King’s power

10. CH21
King threatens to arrest National Assembly leaders- mob storms the Bastille (July )
Mob of women march of King’s palace (starvation)
King accepts new National Assembly- feudalism abolished, “Declaration OF THE Rights of Man”
Civil Constitution of the Clergy- places church under state control, limits privileges

11. CH21 Reign of Terror begins- Louis XVI beheaded by guillotine
Prussia and Austria at war with France during reign of terror, after execution Britain, Holland and Spain join against France.
Committee of Public Safety- Maximilien Robespierre- uses death penalty to those who are not supportive of new government, forced conscription ( levee en masse)

12. Louis XIV, Robespierre

13. CH21
Olympia de Gouges wrote “Declaration of the rights of women and the female citizen”- then executed by guillotine
1794 Robespierre beheaded new government The Directory takes power
Reforms- natural rights, slavery abolished, primogeniture abolished, education reform
Nationalism spreads across Europe

14. CH21
Masses allow Napoleon to rise to power after a coup in 1799 by 1804 Napoleon was a single ruler
Napoleons reforms-
1) reformed tax code to be more equal
2)Law code (Code of Napoleon) citizens equal, freedom of religion, trial by jury
3) Set up public school system

15. CH21
4) Sponsored Archaeological digs around the world 5 Established French Legion of Honor and promoted government and military based on merit Napoleon was despot- internal spies, censorship of press

16. CH21
Napoleon t he General- defeated Prussia, Russia and Austria. Relatives became rulers of “satellite” nations.
Fall of Napoleon-
1) Could not defeat British- Napoleon tried to enforce “Continental System” (embargo on trade with British) other countries did not comply
2) Campaign failures- Peninsular campaign (Spain and Portugal) and Russia (only 100,000 of 600,00 troops returned most died of typhus, or weather)

17. CH21
In 1814 France is conquered , Napoleon exiled to island of Elba by Klaus Von Metternich (Prime Minister of Austria).
Congress of Vienna- restore boundaries, protect monarchy and dynasty.
Napoleon returns (100 days) defeated at Waterloo by Duke of Wellington

18. CH21 Haitian Revolution Former slaves (Maroons) revolt against masters
Rebellion lead by Toussaint L’Ouverture in 1791
1801- After taking control L’Ouverture produced constitution guaranteeing equality and citizenship, declared himself governor for life, made Haiti independent from France and enacted land reform

19. Napoleon, Toussaint L’Overture

20. CH21 Haitian Revolution
France betrays and captures L’Ouverture, executed in 1803
In 1804 outbreak of yellow fever causes French to withdraw from France
Haiti first country in Latin America to win Independence