1. Gender transformative practices and experiences – What difference they make?
Ranjani.K.Murthy,
Researcher and Consultant,
Gender and Development, India
Presentation for IFAD Gender Breakfast December 19th, 2017

2. Objectives of presentation
Concept
Realms of use
Practices
Outcomes and impact
Aiding factors/
challenges
Implications
IFAD

3. Gender Transformation (adapting from Kabeer, 1994, Murthy, 2016)
Gender- blind
Gender- instrumental
Gender-ameliorative
Gender-transformative
Approach/process and an end

4. Different hierarchies
Understanding gender-Transformation (Kabeer, 1994, Hillenbrand et al, 2015)
Institutions
Marriage
Household
Community
State
Supra-state
Norms
Practices
Distribution of
Resources
Distribution of power
Different hierarchies

5. Pre-requisites ..UN Women
For gender relations to be transformed, the structures that underpin them have to change: ….lead lives that are free from violence; …. expansion of the full range of human capabilities and have equal access to a wide range of resources ….have a real presence and voice in the full range of institutional fora

6. Difference and similarities with other concepts
Institutional approach
Process/Implementation
Outcome/
impact
Gender equality
(1979)- *
Women’s Empowerment
Gender mainstreaming
Gender transformation
Is it abuse of terms such as gender equality and WE that has lead to gender transformation?

7. Realms of use Policy Programming- GT goals and others Interventions –
Institutional
Monitoring and evaluation

8. Some examples
Policies: Bangladesh -women’s rights to water bodies, market spaces and labour contracts
Intervention: African Transformative Project- showing films on men and women who broke norms to foster change
Institutional: India strengthening women nurses’ organisations, their safety, housing and promotions
Evaluation: Global Fund for women for tracking what kind of changes are happening- beliefs, norms, policy, resources

9. Change matrix (GFW) Individual Access and control over resources
Beliefs, attitudes, values
Access and control over resources
Informal
Community
Formal
A belief is an internal feeling that something is true, even though that belief may be unproven or irrational. eg I believe that walking under a ladder brings bad luck, or I believe that there is life after death.
A value is a measure of the worth or importance a person attaches to something; our values are often reflected in the way we live our lives. eg I value freedom of speech, or I value my family.
An attitude is the way a person expresses or applies their beliefs and values, and is expressed through words and behaviour. eg I get really upset when I hear about cruelty to children and animals, or I hate school.
Laws, policies, resources, expenditure, local govt/govt. capacities
Cultural norms and practices
Systemic

10. Eating together

11. Women with land title

12. Some example: Breaking norms, India

13. Some example: Breaking Norms,

14. Milk processing value chain-Afghanistan

15. FGM Kenya

16. Which sectors are good practices found more?
Micro finance
Livestock
Markets
Incomes
Decision making in projects
Women exclusive programmes
Land rights, agriculture
Non stereotypical vocational training
Reduction in work load
Local governments.
Producer companies/value chains
Men and youth
Women as perpetrators

17. Context specificity
In institutional strategies for gender transformation
In interpreting what is transformative and what is not.
In setting realistic, yet transformative, indicators
In identifying who is most marginalised amongst women

18. Facilitating and constraining factors
Less gender gap
Lower SIGI score
Low GII
Weak policies Political will on GT
Weak women’s movement
No quota for women in local govt
GII health, empowerment

19. Implications for IFAD
Gender/Social transformation as one of the principle in Strategic Framework
Revise 2012 Policy on GEWE= transformation and relevant SDGs ( technology, intra hh nutrition, strengthen national sex disagg data)
Working manuals on GT- institution, programmes, budget/expenditure and M and E
Documentation of good practices and ‘ not so good practices’; learning from others
Others
– GT as a goal or strategy or both? COSOP or projects.

20. New waves, new shapes? Or old waves new names?