1. GET YOUR NOTEBOOK OUT G.O.T. = Get On Task Have pages 24-25 OPEN!
Measurement TOPIC 4
MY GOAL
G.O.T. = Get On Task
Mon
Taxonomy
I will… review the work I did on Thursday & Friday
GET YOUR NOTEBOOK OUT
Have pages OPEN!

2. Cont. The Science of Classifying
9. Limitations to Linnaeus
Physical traits alone
Technology has surpassed this  we can study the GENETICS a.k.a. DNA of living things  more specific!
10. Phylogeny:
= evolutionary history
Looks at fossils, DNA, embryos – not just anatomy

3. Summarize Evolutionary History
Cladograms
Summarize Evolutionary History
CLADES = branches
NODES -
where common ancestor branches into a new group
DERIVED CHARACTERS = traits that have evolved (changed) over time

4. Cladogram Example Explanation of Book example – page 525
WALKING bicycle motorcycle car Airplane
Wheels, motor, wings, passengers enclosed
Wings
Passengers enclosed
Motor
Wheels

5. Cladogram with “Derived Characters” and “Sister Groups?
Derived Characters…
Sister groups are more closely related…

6. Plant Cladogram ?

7. Cladograms can also look like this
Sister Groups
Sister Groups
Sister Groups ?

8. 13. Why is classification always a work in progress…?
Tube-Nosed Fruit Bat
Pinocchio Frog
Wondering Leg Sausage millipede

9. What questions do you have regarding Cladistics?
Stop Think And Review
What questions do you have regarding Cladistics?
Turn to ISN pages 9

10. PRO = NO! No true nucleus NOR membrane-bound organelles
ISN p. 26
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF CELLS
EUKARYOTE
PROKARYOTE
PRO = NO! No true nucleus NOR membrane-bound organelles
EU = TRUE! True nucleus AND mem-bound organelles

11. Take a look at these type of test questions:
Directions: Use the answers below for questions Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. Prokaryote B. Eukaryote C. Both Types
An example is bacteria
Does not contain any organelles with membranes around them
Have/Has DNA
Has a true nucleus
The plant, animal, fungus and protist kingdoms contain mostly these types of cells
PROkaryote
PROkaryote
BOTH PROkaryotes AND EUkaryotes
EUkaryote
EUkaryote

12. All life on Earth is related, & can be represented in a single tree

13. ISN p. 27 Concept Map of Domain & Kingdoms
PROkaryotic
EUkaryotic
Archaea
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Eubacteria
Archae- bacteria
Plantae
Animalia

14. Distinguishing Characteristics of Each DOMAIN
ISN page 28
Distinguishing Characteristics of Each DOMAIN
DOMAIN
Prokaryotic OR
Eukaryotic
Uni OR
MultiCellular
Live Where
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Everywhere!
Pro
Uni
EXTREME environments
Pro
Uni
Land, sea, air
Include All living things EXCEPT bacteria!
Protist
Fungi
Plants
Animals,
Uni & Multi Eu

15. What questions do you have regarding the 3 DOMAINS?
Stop Think And Review
What questions do you have regarding the 3 DOMAINS?
Turn to ISN pages 15

16. Archae & EuBACTERIA Kingdom Comparison
PRO OR Eukaryotic
Uni-Celled OR Multi-Celled?
Auto or Hetero
Harm?
Beneficial?
JUST AN FYI
Archae-bacteria
PROkaryotic
Uni
Hetero; some are Auto
Disease!!!!
Symbiosis – help break down food in us & other animals!; help make dairy products; important to ecosystem; decomposers; (break down dead organisms); break down oil
Most abundant org. in world!!
Small fraction cause disease;
Eubacteria
PRO

17. PROTISTA & FUNGI Kingdom Comparison
PRO-karyotic OR EU
Uni OR Multi-Celled?
Auto or Hetero
Harmful?
Helpful?
JUST AN FYI
Protista Eu
Mostly multi, some single
Some Hetero & Some Auto
Some cause disease = Malaria + “Don’t drink the water..?” + Red tide
Food chain + Diatoms may be the “World Champion” of oxygen production!
Some can be plant-like, some animal-like, some fungus-like;
Fungi
Some single, some multi
Hetero – they are NOT plants!
Bread mold, Plant disease (damage orange trees, strawberry crops, peach trees); also athletes foot & ringworm
Decomposers (return nutrients to soil) + Food (mushroom, blue cheese dressing) + Medicine (Penicillium is source of penicillin!)
Largest organism in the world living in Oregon – mostly underground = 1500 football fields!

18. PLANTAE & ANIMALIA Kingdom Comparison
PROkaryotic OR Eukaryotic
Uni-Celled OR Multi-Celled?
Auto or Hetero
Harmful?
Helpful?
JUST AN FYI
Plantae EU
Multi
Auto
Non-Native & Invasive plants
Oxygen; Food (coffee, spices) + clothing + lumber + MEDICINE (homes for animals)
Some have vascular tissue (veins) some don’t
Animalia
Hetero
Humans!
Food
Most physically diverse group in the world!

19. Name the Kingdom! Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
The ‘true’ bacteria – a group of prokaryotes, similar to ancient fossil bacteria that produce by chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis.
Many organisms; can be eukaryotic plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like organism, some unicellular and some multicellular, lacking complex organ systems and living in a moist environment.
The ‘ancient’ bacteria - group of prokaryotes found in extreme environments that have a wide variety of structures and types of metabolism.

20. Name the Kingdom! Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Multicellular, eukaryotic, consumers that eat and digest other organisms for food – are able to move and have tissues organized into organs and complex organ systems.
Mostly multicellular heterotrophic eukaryote that absorbs nutrients by decomposing dead organisms.
Stationary, multicellular eukaryotes that photosynthesize.

21. What questions do you have regarding the 6 Kingdoms?
Stop Think And Review
What questions do you have regarding the 6 Kingdoms?
Lets look at some pictures of Protists, and Fungi 21

22. Most plantsare AUTOtrophic = SELF Feeding
Kingdom Plantae
Most plantsare AUTOtrophic = SELF Feeding
Some are even HeTeRotropic!!! = OtHeR feeding  they do NOT have chlorophyll!
Indian Pipe = also a parasite
Snow plant – Parasites on other green plants

23. Plant like, Animal like, Fungus like
Kingdom Protista
Lots of Variety!
Plant like, Animal like, Fungus like
Plant AND Animal-Like
Plant-Like
Animal-Like
Animal-Like

24. Used for Food & Food Production
Kingdom Fungi
These are NOT plants!!!
Used for Food & Food Production
Blue Cheese,Mozzarella
Soy Sauce
Chocolate
Many soft drinks

25. Stop Think And Reflect Did we reach our goal?
Our goal today was for me to give you a good review of the work you did on Thursday & Friday!
Did you reach that goal? How do you know that you reached the goal?
What are you going to do if you did not reach that goal?? 25

26. MiniSummative tomorrow!
EOCA = End of Class Assignment
Be the change you wish to see in the world 26 26